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Bibliography #26 – Health Care Issues
for Youth – February 2007
 printer-friendly
version | back
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 Order #: 14728
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Authors: |
Barber,
C.C., Fonagy, P., Fultz, J., Simulinas, M., Yates, M.
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Title: |
Homeless Near a
Thousand Homes: Outcomes of Homeless Youth in a Crisis Shelter. |
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Source: |
American Journal of
Orthopsychiatry 75(3): 347-355, 2005. (Journal
Article: 8 Pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This study recruited
clients who received crisis services at a homeless shelter for
transition-aged youth, to describe the youth served, to track outcomes of care,
and to examine factors associated with differing outcomes. Participants
were 202 men and women who completed a battery of interviews and
self-report measures at intake and at 3 follow-up points. Youth served had
experienced high levels of adversity and trauma and typically had poor
educational and vocational preparation. A multidisciplinary array of
services was provided, and overall, participants showed significant
improvement from intake to discharge and in the 6 months after discharge.
Background, service, and psychological factors did not predict housing
outcomes. Better vocational outcome was associated with more recent work
experience. Results point to the need for providers of services to the
homeless to be aware of the distinct needs and characteristics of
transition-aged youth (authors). |
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Order #: 14729 |
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Authors: |
Berdahl,
T.A., Hoyt, D.R., Whitbeck, L.B.
|
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Title: |
Predictors of First
Mental Health Service Utilization Among Homeless and Runaway Adolescents. |
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Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 37(2): 145-154, 2005. (Journal
Article: 9 Pages)
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Abstract: |
This article describes and
explains variations in first mental health service utilization before and
after running away from home for homeless adolescents. The effects of
family of origin factors and street experiences on the likelihood of seeing
a mental health professional for the first time before running away and
after running away for the first time were examined. Analyses indicate
homeless youth’s utilization patterns are differentiated by family of
origin factors, street experiences, timing of first utilization, and by
race and gender interactions. Findings suggest that youths whose first
contact with mental health service use follows running away for the first
time may experience higher levels of mental distress compared with other
homeless runaways. The significant differences in first service use across
race and gender subgroups should be further explored. The racial-ethnic gap
in first mental health intervention for abused youths indicates this
sub-group is not receiving services that are available to other homeless
youths. Findings suggest that homelessness does not homogenize
racial/ethnic differences in first mental health service utilization
(authors). |
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Order #: 14730 |
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Authors: |
Bousman, C.A., Blumberg, E.J., Shillington,
A.M., Hovell, M.F., Ji, M., Lehman, S., Clapp, J.
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Title: |
Predictors of Substance
Use Among Homeless Youth in San Diego. |
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Source: |
Addictive Behaviors 30(6):
1100-1110, 2005. (Journal Article: 10 Pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This study examined the
frequency of substance use among 14- to 24-year-old homeless youth
recruited from two community drop-in centers and explored the relationship
between substance use and hypothesized psychosocial predictors.
Audio-computer-assisted self-interviewing (A-CASI) was used for assessment.
Including alcohol and tobacco, the mean number of different drugs used was
3.55 for lifetime and 2.34 for the last 3 months. A three-block
hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to determine potential
predictors of overall drug use (the sum of all different drugs used) during
the last 3 months. Block 1 included demographic variables, Block 2 included
a parental monitoring variable, and Block 3 included peer and environmental
variables derived from learning theories. Parental monitoring (-) and peer
variables (+) predicted overall 3-month drug use. The final model explained
36% of the variance in overall drug use. Results suggest that homeless
adolescent drug use exists at high levels and is related to parental
monitoring and peer modeling of other risk behaviors. These results may
inform future prevention strategies for homeless youth and other high-risk
populations (authors). |
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Order #: 15104 |
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Authors: |
Children's
Action Alliance.
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Title: |
Transitions: Building
Better Lives for Youth Leaving Foster Care. |
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Source: |
Phoenix, AZ: Children's Action Alliance, 2005. (Report:
52 Pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This report presents
findings of focus groups and interviews with youth transitioning from
foster care to independence when they turn 18. Current laws, policies and services
available for these vulnerable youth are reviewed against the impact of the
services provided. Specific program
recommendations are made to improve supports and services for the hundreds
of youth who leave foster care to live on their own each year (author). Available
From: Children's Action Alliance, 4001 North Third Street, Suite 160,
Phoenix, AZ 85012, (602) 266-0707,
www.azchildren.org/caa/_mainpages/Publications/_CAA_Transitions_FosterCare_.pdf |
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Order #: 14493 |
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Authors: |
Clatts,
M.C., Goldsamt, L., Yi, H., Gwadz, M.V.
|
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Title: |
Homelessness and Drug
Abuse Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in New York City: A Preliminary Epidemiological Trajectory. |
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Source: |
Journal of Adolescence
28(2): 201-214, 2005. (Journal Article:
13 Pages)
|
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Abstract: |
The objective of this
paper is to profile the role of homelessness in drug and sexual risk in a
population of young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Data are from a
cross-sectional survey collected between 2000 and 2001 in New York City. With the goal of examining the import of
homelessness in increased risk for the onset of drug and sexual risk, the
authors compare and contrast three subgroups: YMSM with no history of
homelessness; YMSM with a past history of homelessness but who were not
homeless at the time of the interview; and YMSM who were currently
homeless. For each group, the authors describe the prevalence of a broad
range of stressful life events (including foster care and runaway episodes,
involvement in the criminal justice system, etc.), as well as selected
mental health problems (including past suicide attempts, current
depression, and selected help-seeking variables). Additionally, the authors
examine the prevalence of selected drug and sexual risk, including exposure
to a broad range of illegal substances, current use of illegal drugs, and
prevalence of lifetime exposure to sex work. Finally, they use an event
history analysis approach (time-event displays and paired t-test analysis)
to examine the timing of negative life experiences and homelessness
relative to the onset of drug and sexual risk. High levels of background
negative life experiences and manifest mental health distress are seen in
all three groups. Both a prior experience of homelessness and currently
being homeless are both strongly associated with both higher levels of
lifetime exposure to drug and sexual risk as well as higher levels of
current drug and sexual risk. Onset of these risks occur earlier in both
groups that have had an experience of housing instability (e.g., runaway,
foster care, etc.) but are delayed or not present among YMSM with no
history of housing instability. Few YMSM had used drug prior to becoming
homeless. While causal inferences are subject to the limitations of a
cross-sectional design, the findings pose an empirical challenge to the
prevailing assumption that prior drug use is a dominant causal factor in
YMSM becoming homeless. More broadly, the data illustrate the complexity of
factors that must be accounted for, both in advancing epidemiological
understanding of the complexity of homelessness and its relationship to the
onset of drug and sexual risk among high risk youth populations (authors). |
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Order #: 14594 |
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Authors: |
Homeless
Families Coordinating Center.
|
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Title: |
Case Management for
Homeless Families: Innovative Features and Common Themes. |
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Source: |
Washington, DC: Vanderbilt University Center for Evaluation and Program Improvement, 2005. (Newsletter: 8
pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This newsletter discusses
the first multisite study to focus on interventions for homeless families
in which the mothers have psychiatric and/or substance use disorders.
Researchers are studying the impact of comprehensive, multifaceted,
time-limited interventions for women who meet the study criteria. The
interventions, most of which are of an intensive nature, share several key
characteristics. They are: comprehensive and continuous; individualized;
and family oriented. The study is also examining changes in the general
well-being of the participants' children, including emotional and/or
behavioral issues and school attendance. The cross-site evaluation is
enabling researchers to identify the dimensions of interventions associated
with positive outcomes in these areas. These promising practices will be
described, widely disseminated, and recommended for broader replication in
programs serving homeless women and their children (authors). Available
From: Policy Research Associates, 345 Delaware Avenue, Delmar, NY 12054, (518) 439-7415, www.pathprogram.samhsa.gov. |
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Order #: 14703 |
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Authors: |
Mallett,
S., Rosenthal, D., Keys, D.
|
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Title: |
Young People, Drug Use
and Family Conflict: Pathways Into Homelessness. |
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Source: |
Journal of Adolescence
28(2): 185-199, 2005. (Journal Article:
14 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study explored
homeless young peoples’ reasons for leaving home, and the relationship
between young people's drug use and their pathways into homelessness. Brief
qualitative interviews were conducted with 302 homeless young people (12-20
years). Following a thematic analysis of interview transcripts, four
pathways into homelessness involving personal or familial drug use were
identified. One-third of the participants indicated that personal or
familial drug use was a critical factor in them leaving home. Of these,
just over half indicated that personal drug use was a direct or indirect
cause of their homelessness and one-quarter indicated that familial drug
and alcohol use was the critical factor that led them to leaving home.
One-quarter indicated that their drug use only began after they became
homeless. Family conflict, if not family breakdown, was implicated in all
four pathways out of home (authors).
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Order #: 14518 |
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Authors: |
Rew, L.,
Whittaker, T.A., Taylor-Seehafer, M.A., Smith, L.R.
|
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Title: |
Sexual Health Risks and
Protective Resources in Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Homeless
Youth. |
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Source: |
Journal for Specialists in
Pediatric Nursing 10(1): 11-19, 2005. (Journal
Article: 9 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article compares the
sexual health risks and protective resources of homeless adolescents
self-identified as gay (G), lesbian (L), or bisexual (B), with those
self-identified as heterosexual, and determines the differences between
these two groups and the differences within the GLB group. A secondary analysis of survey data
collected from a nonprobability sample of 425 homeless adolescents between
16 and 20 years of age. Sexual
health risks and protective resources differed between those self-identified
as GLB and those self-identified as heterosexual. More G/L youth reported a
history of sexual abuse and being tested and treated for HIV, and more
scored lower on the assertive communication measure than did bisexual or
heterosexual youth. Moreover, there were gender differences within the GLB
group; more males than females self-identified as homosexual and more
females than males self-identified as bisexual. Sexual health interventions for this
population should be both gender- and sexual orientation-specific
(authors). |
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Order #: 14505 |
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Authors: |
Slesnick,
N., Prestopnik, J.
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Title: |
Dual and Multiple
Diagnosis Among Substance Using Runaway Youth. |
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Source: |
The American Journal of
Drug and Alcohol Abuse 31(1): 179-201, 2005. (Journal Article: 23 pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This study attempts to
shed light on the diagnostic profile of runaway adolescents. The current
study examined patterns of psychiatric dual and multiple diagnosis among a
sample of treatment-engaged substance-abusing youth, ages 13 to 17, who
were residing at a runaway shelter. As part of a larger treatment outcome
study, the youths' psychiatric status was assessed using the DSM-IV based
computerized diagnostic interview schedule for children. The majority of
the youth in the sample met criteria for dual or multiple diagnosis with
many having more than one substance-use diagnosis. The severity of
mental-health and substance-use problems in this sample of
substance-abusing runaways suggests the need for continued development of
comprehensive services. The range and intensity of diagnoses seen indicates
a need for greater focus on treatment development and strategies to address
their multiple areas of risk (authors).
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|
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Order #: 14701 |
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Authors: |
Slesnick, N., Prestopnik, J.L.
|
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Title: |
Ecologically Based
Family Therapy Outcome with Substance Abusing Runaway Adolescents. |
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Source: |
Journal of Adolescence
28(2): 277-298, 2005. (Journal Article:
21 Pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This study is a treatment
development project in which 124 runaway youth were randomly assigned to
ecologically based family therapy (EBFT) or service as usual (SAU) through
a shelter. Youth completed an intake, post-treatment, 6 and 12 months
follow-up assessment. Youth assigned to EBFT reported greater reductions in
overall substance abuse compared to youth assigned to SAU while other
problem areas improved in both conditions. Findings suggest that EBFT is an
efficacious intervention for this relatively severe population of youth
(authors). |
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Order #: 14253 |
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Authors: |
Wilder Research Center.
|
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Title: |
Homeless Youth in
Minnesota: 2003 Statewide Survey of People Without Permanent Shelter. |
|
Source: |
Saint Paul, MN: Wilder
Research Center, 2005. (Report: 87 Pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This report on
homelessness describes a population of youth and young adults who are
troubled by conflict with parents, abusive relationships, and for some, a
simple desire for freedom from authority. This study is designed to
describe characteristics of unaccompanied homeless youth (age 8 to 17) and
young adults (age 18 to 20) in Minnesota through personal interviews. The
study is not designed to provide a definitive count of homeless youth and
young adults. Several major complicating factors make it difficult to
estimate the number of homeless young people (authors.) Available From: Wilder
Research Center, Suite 210, 1295 Bandana Boulevard North, Saint Paul, MN
55108, (651) 647-4600, research@wilder.org,
www.wilder.org/research/reports/pdf/Youthreporttext_2-05.pdf |
|
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Order #: 14054 |
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Authors: |
Aviles,
A., Helfrich, C.
|
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Title: |
Life Skill Service
Needs: Perspectives of Homeless Youth. |
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Source: |
Journal of Youth and
Adolescence 33(4): 331-338, 2004. (Journal
Article: 7 Pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This study describes the
service needs related to life skill development from the perspective of
sheltered homeless youth. Qualitative semistructured life narrative
interviews addressing the use of services at an emergency shelter were
administered to thirty youth. All youth were residing in an emergency
shelter located in a large metropolitan area at the time of interview.
Youth identified factors that influence their ability to access and utilize
services, categorized as service availability, factors serving as access
and/or barriers to services and lack of available services. Youth
identified service delivery approaches and staff characteristics as
impacting service delivery. Services such as counseling and childcare were
identified as facilitating development and acquisition of life skills
(authors). |
|
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Order #: 14282 |
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Authors: |
Bourgois,
P., Prince, B., Moss, A.
|
|
Title: |
The Everyday Violence
of Hepatitis C Among Young Women Who Inject Drugs in San Francisco. |
|
Source: |
Human Organization 63(3):
253-264, 2004. (Journal Article: 12 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article examines a
theoretical understanding of the gendered contours of structural, everyday,
and symbolic violence which suggests that young addicted women are
particularly vulnerable to the infectious diseases caused by injection drug
use- especially Hepatitis C.
Participant observation among heroin and speed injectors in San
Francisco’s Haight Ashbury neighborhood reveals that extreme levels of
violence against women are normalized in the common sense of street-based
youth drug culture. Physical,
sexual, and emotional violence, as well as the pragmatics of income
generation, including drug and resource sharing in the moral economy of
street addicts, oblige most young homeless women to enter into
relationships with older men. These
relationships are usually abusive and economically parasitical to the
women. Sexual objectification and a
patriarchal romantic discourse of love and moral worth lead to the
misrecognition of gender-power inequities by both the men and women who are
embroiled in them, as well as by many of the public services and research
projects designed to help or control substance abusers. Despite deep epistemological,
theoretical, and logistical gulfs between quantitative and qualitative
methods, applied public health research and the interventions they inform
can benefit from the insights provided by a theoretical and
cross-methodological focus on how social power contexts shape the spread of
infectious disease and promote disproportional levels of social suffering
in vulnerable populations (author). |
|
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Order #: 13939 |
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Authors: |
Burns, P.
|
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Title: |
Referral Guide for
Homeless Children, Youth, and Families. |
|
Source: |
Los Angeles, CA: Economic
Roundtable, 2004. (Guide: 63 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This listing of over 500
LA County shelters and service providers includes frontline public
agencies, food pantries that are open ten or more hours a week, shelters
with six or more beds accepting families or youth, and key access centers
and supportive service organizations that assist homeless families or
youth. The purpose of this guide is to provide a starting point for
identifying sources of help for homeless children, youth and families, and
for strengthening collaboration among service providers (authors). Available
From: Economic Roundtable, 315 West Ninth Street, Suite 1209, Los Angeles,
CA 90015, (213) 892-8104, economicrt@earthlink.net, www.economicrt.org |
|
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Order #: 14283 |
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Authors: |
Cameron,
K.N., Racine, Y., Offord, D.R., Cairney, J.
|
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Title: |
Youth at Risk of
Homelessness in an Affluent Toronto Suburb. |
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Source: |
Revue Canadienne de Sante
Publique 95(5): 352-356, 2004. (Journal
Article: 5 Pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This study examines the
characteristics and needs of 69 youth who are homeless, or at risk of
homelessness at Pathway’s Home Base Youth Drop-In Centre in the affluent
suburb of Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada.
A semi-structured interview examined demographics, characteristics,
living arrangements, family characteristics, substance use, mental health,
criminal activity, and educational experiences of the youth in this
sample. The majority of youth came
from economically advantaged families and were currently residing with
their parents, but were substantially more at risk than their mainstream peers
in measures related to youth homelessness.
The majority of Home Base youth had left home and school
prematurely, been arrested in their lifetime, and used at least one illicit
drug in the past 12 months. A
substantial number of youth had been imprisoned, experienced physical
abuse, and exhibited depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation. Although living mainly at home in a
relatively affluent suburb, these youth have many attributes related to
homelessness and may progress to homelessness without intervention
(authors). |
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Order #: 14515 |
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Authors: |
Choca,
M.J., Minoff, J., Angene, L., Byrnes, M., Kenneally, L., Norris, D., Pearn,
D., Rivers, M.M.
|
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Title: |
Can't Do It Alone:
Housing Collaborations to Improve Foster Youth Outcomes. |
|
Source: |
Child Welfare 83(5):
469-492, 2004. (Journal Article: 24 Pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This article expands upon
research that youth transitioning out of the foster care system experience
a variety of negative outcomes, including homelessness. Housing
collaborations, which aim to comprehensively address resource and service
needs for transitioning youth, including permanent connections, education,
and employment, have resulted in innovative programming and forged new
relationships among child welfare, social service and housing developers,
and providers. This article describes the partners, models, and resources
several collaborations used and their progress and outcomes; shares
insights gained; and explores productive directions for future work
(authors). |
|
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Order #: 14132 |
|
Authors: |
Ensign,
J.
|
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Title: |
Quality of Health Care:
The Views of Homeless Youth. |
|
Source: |
Health Services Research
39(4): 695-707, 2004. (Journal Article:
13 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study’s objective was
to develop homeless-youth-identified process and outcome measures of
quality of health care. Primary data
was obtained by studying youth who are homeless from both street and clinic
settings in Seattle, WA for the calendar year 2002. The research was a focused ethnography,
using key informant and in-depth individual interviews as well as focus
groups with a purposeful sample of 47 homeless youth aged 12-23 years. All interviews and focus groups were
tape-recorded, transcribed, and preliminarily coded, with final coding
cross-checked and verified with a second researcher. Homeless youth most often stated that
cultural and interpersonal aspects of quality of care were important to
them. Physical aspects of quality of
care reported by the youth were health care sites separate from those for
homeless adults, and sites that offered a choice of allopathic and
complementary medicine. Outcomes of
health care included survival of homelessness, functional and disease-state
improvement, and having increased trust and connections with adults and
with the wider community. Homeless
youth identified components of quality of care as well as how quality of
care should be measured. Their
perspectives will be included in a larger follow-up study to develop
quality of care indicators for homeless youth (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14094 |
|
Authors: |
Food
Research and Action Center.
|
|
Title: |
CACFP for Children and
Youth in Homeless, Runaway and Domestic Violence Shelters: Outreach
Toolkit. |
|
Source: |
Washington, DC: Food
Research and Action Center, 2004. (Toolkit:
1 Page)
|
|
Abstract: |
This resource, available
online only, includes program information, outreach and training materials,
research and background information and links to other important
information and organizations. The Child and Adult Care Food Program
(CACFP), a federal entitlement, is an important resource for feeding
children and youth in homeless and runaway shelters, domestic violence
shelters and some transitional housing. Congress extended food program
eligibility for children in shelters from up to 13 years of age to 18 and
younger. Including teens in the program will allow runaway shelters to use
CACFP. The expansion will also allow the program to provide additional much
needed support to homeless, domestic violence, and family shelters.
Shelters all over the country can use this program to bring much-needed
benefits to children and youth. This site provides tools for state
agencies, homeless, runaway, and domestic violence advocates, and
anti-hunger groups to maximize the use of the homeless shelter option in
CACFP (authors). Available From: Geri Henchy, Food Research and Action
Center, 1875 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 540, Washington, DC 20009, (202)
986-2200, ghenchy@frac.org,
www.frac.org/html/federal_food_programs/programs/homeless/homeless_index.html |
|
|
Order #: 14214 |
|
Authors: |
Haley,
N., Roy, E., Leclerc, P., Boudreau, J.F., Boivin, J.F.
|
|
Title: |
Characteristics of
Adolescent Street Youth With a History of Pregnancy. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Pediatric and
Adolescent Gynecology 17: 313-320, 2004. (Journal
Article: 8 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study examined
characteristics of adolescent street youth with histories of pregnancies
and documented important factors that merit consideration when providing
global sexual health care. The
objective was to determine social and behavioral factors associated with a
history of pregnancy among adolescent street youth. In a prospective cohort study, female
adolescent street youth ever pregnant (AEP) were compared with adolescents
never pregnant (ANP) using data from baseline questionnaires. Among the 225 participants, 41.8% were ever
pregnant. Both groups were similar with
respect to age and other socio-economic characteristics. However, AEP were more likely to have
been kicked out of the home and to have run away, and were homeless younger
and since a longer period. Both
groups had problematic alcohol and drug use. Almost half had ever drug injected drugs
and AEP were younger at initiation into drug injection. More AEP had experienced intra-familial
or extra-familial sexual abuse and had had more than one abuser. Among those abused by family members,
abuse occurred at an earlier age for AEP and more AEP reported severe
abuse: vaginal penetration and anal penetration. It was concluded that histories of severe
sexual abuse and early injection drug use are extremely frequent in ever
pregnant street adolescents. Those
factors need to be addressed when planning global health care and sexual
health education (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14287 |
|
Authors: |
Miller,
P., Donahue, P., Este, D., Hofer, M.
|
|
Title: |
Experiences of Being
Homeless or at Risk of Being Homeless Among Canadian Youths. |
|
Source: |
Adolescence 39(156):
736-755, 2004. (Journal Article: 20 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study of four groups
(immigrants, youths, Aboriginal people, and landlords) explored, compared,
and contrasted diversity issues among the homeless population and those at
risk of homelessness in a larger Canadian city (Calgary, Alberta) with a
smaller city (Lethbridge, Alberta), to better understand their needs and to
make recommendations for improvement in service delivery and policy
formation. This paper focuses on the
findings from a sample of youths who shared information on a range of
factors that contributed to their being homeless or at risk of being
homeless. The youths in this study
also shared their positive as well as negative experiences with educators,
peers, family members, and social service providers. Canada’s homeless include growing numbers
of young people, families, women, and members of various ethnic
communities, including Aboriginal people and immigrants. Today it is no longer possible to
articulate a single silhouette of the homeless, but rather a diversity of
profiles is needed. It was in the
light of this reality that a study, "Diversity Among the Homeless and
Those at Risk," was carried out (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 13891 |
|
Authors: |
National
Health Care for the Homeless Council.
|
|
Title: |
Homeless Young Adults
Ages 18-24: Examining Service Delivery Adaptations. |
|
Source: |
Nashville, TN: National
Health Care for the Homeless Council, 2004. (Report: 42 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This report is organized
around four main topics: health care, housing, education and employment,
and social support. In sections devoted to each of these topics, brief
descriptions of service barriers are followed by recommended short and
long-term strategies for overcoming them.
Young adults in the U.S. are uniquely vulnerable to
homelessness. Estimated numbers of
young adults who experience an episode of homelessness each year range from
approximately 750,000 to 2 million, and are believed to be increasing. This is a problem facing both young
individuals and families. The
predominant theme of this report is that late adolescence/early adulthood
is a developmental stage during which appropriate supports can make an
especially important difference (authors). Available From: National Health
Care for the Homeless Council, P.O. Box 60427, Nashville, TN 37206, (615)
226-2292, council@nhchc.org, www.nhchc.org/Publications/younghomelessadult1.pdf |
|
|
Order #: 14118 |
|
Authors: |
Stewart,
A.J., Steiman, M., Cauce, A.M., Cochron, B.N., Whitbeck, L.B., Hoyt, D.R.
|
|
Title: |
Victimization and
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Homeless Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Journal of the American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 43(3): 325-331, 2004. (Journal Article: 7 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article examines
street victimization and posttraumatic stress symptoms among urban homeless
adolescents and tests whether emotional numbing and avoidance represent
distinct posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters. Structured, private interviews were
conducted with homeless adolescents in the Seattle metropolitan area from
1995 to 1998. Eighty-three percent
of street youths were physically and/or sexually victimized after leaving
home. Approximately 18% of these
youths met research criteria for PTSD.
Results from a confirmatory factor analysis suggest that
disaggregating symptoms of avoidance from symptoms of emotional numbing
provides a better fit of the data than the current DSM-IV model in which
these symptoms are combined in one factor.
Sexual and physical victimization are serious threats for homeless
adolescents, and those who are victimized are at risk for PTSD. Results challenge the belief that
symptoms of avoidance and numbing represent one unified cluster in this
population (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14521 |
|
Authors: |
Taylor-Seehafer,
M.A.
|
|
Title: |
Positive Youth
Development: Reducing the Health Risks of Homeless Youth. |
|
Source: |
The American Journal of
Maternal Child Nursing 29(1): 36-40, 2004. (Journal
Article: 5 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article outlines
several preventive health strategies for reducing the health risks of
homeless youth related to emotional distress, alcohol and other drug
use/abuse, risky sex, and victimization, all of which are well documented
as major health risks for homeless youth living on the street. These health
risks interrupt normal adolescent development and are primary obstacles to
exiting the street culture and lifestyle. Research indicates that risk
exposures among adolescents can be moderated and/or buffered by a focus on
individual strengths and environmental protective factors such as community
support and mentoring (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 13889 |
|
Authors: |
Tyler,
K., Cauce, A., Whitbeck, L.
|
|
Title: |
Family Risk Factors and
Prevalence of Dissociative Symptoms Among Homeless and Runaway Youth. |
|
Source: |
Child Abuse and Neglect
28(3): 355-366, 2004. (Journal Article:
11 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In this article, the
authors examine family risk factors associated with dissociative symptoms
among homeless and runaway youth. Three hundred and twenty-eight homeless
and runaway youth were interviewed on the streets and in shelters by
outreach workers in youth service agencies. The article states that the
findings support widespread prevalence of dissociative symptoms among these
young people, and sexual abuse, physical abuse, and family mental health
problems were all positively associated with dissociative symptoms. The
authors conclude that unless youth are provided with programs and
intervention, the cycle of abuse that they have experienced at home is
likely to continue on the street (authors).
|
|
|
Order #: 14514 |
|
Authors: |
Van
Leeuwen, J.
|
|
Title: |
Reaching the Hard to
Reach: Innovative Housing for Homeless Youth Through Strategic
Partnerships. |
|
Source: |
Child Welfare 83(5):
453-468, 2004. (Journal Article: 16 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article features
three housing programs designed to target the needs of youth aging out of
child welfare. One program combines housing and treatment to move
substance-dependent youth off the streets; one combines the resources of Urban Peak, the only licensed homeless and runaway youth shelter in Colorado, with the Denver Department of Human Services to
prevent youth in child welfare from discharging to the streets; and one addresses
the intense mental health needs of this population. It costs Colorado 53,655 dollars to place a young person in youth
corrections for one year and 53,527 dollars for residential treatment. It
costs Urban Peak 5378 dollars to move a young person off of the streets. This
article describes how data have driven program development and discusses
how policy implications and relationships with the public and private
sector can leverage additional resources (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14522 |
|
Authors: |
Van
Leeuwen, J.M, Hopfer, C., Hooks, S., White, R., Petersen, J., Pirkopf, J.
|
|
Title: |
A Snapshot of Substance
Abuse Among Homeless and Runaway Youth in Denver, Colorado. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Community
Health 29(3): 217-229, 2004. (Journal
Article: 13 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This articles reports on
results of a one-day survey measuring rates of substance use and HIV risk
behaviors among the homeless youth population of Denver, Colorado. On March 15, 2001, staff of Urban Peak, conducted
a single-day survey of homeless and runaway youth in the Denver
metropolitan region, going to locations known to be frequented by this
population. All youth encountered were asked to fill out a brief survey
asking about past nine month use of the following substances: alcohol, marijuana,
cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, hallucinogens, ecstasy and ketamine, and
HIV risk behaviors. Chi-square analyses of the association of substance
used and gender, age, living situation, and ethnicity were conducted. In
addition, the use of any club drug was examined. One-hundred-eighty-six
homeless or runaway youth were surveyed; 74 percent were between 16 and 25.
Rates of use over the last nine months were as follows: alcohol, 69
percent; marijuana, 75 percent; methamphetamine, 18 percent; cocaine, 19
percent; heroin, 12 percent; hallucinogens, 30 percent; ecstasy, 25
percent; and ketamine, 13 percent. Eleven percent reported trading sex for
drugs, money, food, or shelter; and 13 percent reported sharing needles.
There were significant associations between living situation and use of
marijuana, cocaine and hallucinogens. Prevalence rates of club drugs show
75 percent, 77 percent and 77 percent of homeless or runaway youth having
used ecstasy, ketamine and hallucinogens one to three times per month over
the last nine months, respectively. Prevalence rates of substance use among
homeless youth in the Denver
metropolitan are similar to rates reported in other larger metropolitan
areas. Routine screening for every substance needs to be part of the
assessment for all homeless youth. Initial data points to a need for more
research exploring protective factors among this population and to better
understand the prevalence of club drug use (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 13890 |
|
Authors: |
Votta,
E., Manion, I.
|
|
Title: |
Suicide, High-Risk
Behaviors, and Coping Style in Homeless Adolescent Males' Adjustment. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 34(3): 237-243, 2004. (Journal
Article: 7 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In this article, the
authors evaluate the association among suicide behaviors, high-risk
behaviors, coping style, and psychological adjustment in homeless and
non-homeless adolescent males. Data were obtained from one hundred homeless
youth accessing an emergency shelter. The comparison group was comprised of
seventy youth accessing local community drop-in centers that lived with
their parent(s)/guardian(s) and had never stayed in a shelter. The authors
assert that, relative to non-homeless youth, homeless youth were more
likely to report drug, alcohol, and tobacco use, legal problems, academic
difficulties, and mental health problems. The authors also assert that
homeless youth presented a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation, past
suicide attempts, depressive symptomatology, and internalizing and
externalizing behavior problems. The article states that these findings
indicate that homeless youth reported greater use of a disengaging coping
style and are at greater risk for high-risk behaviors, past suicide
attempts, and clinically elevated levels of depressive symptoms and
behavior problems (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14302 |
|
Authors: |
Whitbeck,
L.B., Chen, X., Hoyt, D.R., Tyler, K.A., Johnson, K.D.
|
|
Title: |
Mental Disorder,
Subsistence Strategies, and Victimization Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual
Homeless and Runaway Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
The Journal of Sex
Research 41(4) 329-342, 2004. (Journal
Article: 14 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study compared
participation in deviant subsistence strategies, street victimization, and
lifetime prevalence of five mental disorders (conduct disorder, major
depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol abuse, and
drug abuse) among heterosexual males and females and gay, lesbian, and
bisexual homeless and runaway adolescents from the first wave of a
longitudinal study of homeless youth in four Midwestern states. The results indicated that gay, lesbian,
and bisexual adolescents were more likely to have been physically and
sexually abused by caretakers, were more likely to engage in risky survival
strategies when on their own (including survival sex), were more likely to
be physically and sexually victimized when on the streets, and were more
likely to meet criteria for mental disorder than were their heterosexual
counterparts (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14125 |
|
Authors: |
Whitbeck,
L.B., Johnson, K.D., Hoyt, D.R., Cauce, A.M.
|
|
Title: |
Mental Disorder and
Comorbidity Among Runaway and Homeless Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 35: 132-140, 2004. (Journal Article:
9 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article investigates
the prevalence of mental disorder and comorbidity among homeless and
runaway adolescents in small to medium sized cities in four Midwestern
states. The study presents lifetime,
12-month prevalence, and comorbidity rates for five mental disorders
(conduct disorder, major depressive episode, posttraumatic stress disorder,
alcohol abuse, and drug abuse) based on UM-CIDI and DISC-R structured
interviews from the baseline interviews of a longitudinal diagnostic study
of 428 homeless and runaway adolescents aged 16-19 years. The data were collected by full-time
street interviewers on the streets and in shelters in eight Midwestern
cities of various populations.
Separate logistic regression models were used to investigate factors
associated with meeting criteria for any disorder and two or more
disorders. Lifetime prevalence rates
were compared with rates for same-aged respondents from the National
Comorbidity Survey (NCS). Homeless
and runaway adolescents were six times more likely than same-aged NCS
respondents to meet criteria for two or more disorders and were from two to
17 times more likely to meet criteria for individual disorders. Homeless and runaway adolescents in small
and mid-sized Midwestern cities report significant levels of mental
disorder and comorbidity that are comparable and often exceed that reported
in studies of larger magnet cities (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 12961 |
|
Authors: |
Baer, J.,
Ginzler, J., Peterson, P.
|
|
Title: |
DSM-IV Alcohol and
Substance Abuse and Dependence in Homeless Youth. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Studies on
Alcohol 64(1): 5-14, 2003. (Journal Article:
9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The purpose of this study
is to describe endorsement rates of substance use criteria among homeless
adolescents and to evaluate the reliability of diagnostic formulations
among a group of adolescents who use more frequently and more heavily than
other samples of adolescents.
Substance use rates and DSM-IV abuse and dependence criteria were
assessed among 198 homeless youths between the ages of 13 and 19, as part
of a larger study. Endorsement rates and reliability analyses were
completed for diagnostic criteria assessed for alcohol, marijuana,
amphetamines and heroin. Consistent
with other studies of homeless youth, data revealed high rates of substance
use and high rates of substance dependence. Both dependence and abuse
diagnoses were associated with greater rates of use. DSM-IV criteria showed
acceptable internal reliability, although variability was observed when
applied to different substances. Of the drugs assessed, problems with
heroin use appeared to be best, and marijuana use least, represented by dependence
criteria. Criteria pertaining to continued use despite interference with
role obligations and the experience of craving were consistently related to
other dependence criteria. DSM-IV
substance dependence criteria appear to have good internal reliability
within a sample of adolescents who use at extremely high rates. Continued
development of diagnostic systems for adolescent substance use should
consider the social context of use, differential patterns of symptoms
across different substances and the inclusion of additional criteria found
reliable among adolescent samples (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 12543 |
|
Authors: |
Barkin,
S.L., Balkrishnan, R., Manuel, J., Andersen, R.M., Gelberg, L.
|
|
Title: |
Health Care Utilization
Among Homeless Adolescents and Young Adults. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 32(4): 253-256, 2003. (Journal
Article: 4 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In this study, a
probability sample of Californian homeless females was examined for health
service utilization, comparing adolescents to older women. Adolescent
homeless women reported higher outpatient visit use. Possessing public
health insurance increased the odds of outpatient visits. Future research
might use the outpatient setting to aid adolescents in exiting homelessness
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14523 |
|
Authors: |
Beech,
B.M., Myers, L., Beech, D.J., Kernick, N.S.
|
|
Title: |
Human Immunodeficiency
Syndrome and Hepatitis B and C Infections Among Homeless Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Seminars in Pediatric
Infectious Diseases 14(1): 12-19, 2003. (Journal
Article: 8 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The article determines the
predictors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis infections
among homeless youth. Anonymous and confidential interviewer-administered
psychosocial surveys were conducted with 150 homeless youth. Venous blood
samples were collected as well. Most respondents had engaged in sexual
intercourse, with 13 years as the median age at first coitus. Approximately
36 percent indicated they had exchanged sex for food, shelter, or drugs.
Although youth reported a high rate of consistent condom use, 16 percent of
the sample tested positive for HIV, 17 percent tested positive for
hepatitis B (HBV), and 12 percent tested positive for hepatitis C (HCV).
Homeless youth should be considered a high-risk group for contracting HIV,
HBV, and HCV infections. The positive rates for HIV, HBV, and HCV observed
in this study are higher than those of many previous reports among street
youth. Because HIV prevention and hepatitis B vaccination programs have
been targeted at school-based youth, most homeless youth are missed by
these efforts. Targeted programs are needed to reach this high-risk group.
Suggested guidelines for clinicians involved in the provision of medical
care to homeless children and adolescents are provided (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 13151 |
|
Authors: |
Bell, D.,
Martinez, J., Botwinick, G., Shaw, K., Walker, L., Dodds, S., Sell, R.,
Johnson, R., Friedman, L., Sotheran, J., Siciliano, C.
|
|
Title: |
Case Finding for HIV
Positive Youth: A Special Type of Hidden Population. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 33(2): 10-22, 2003. (Journal Article:
12 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In this article, the
authors describe the HIV case finding strategies used by the Special
Projects of National Significance (SPNS), Adolescent HIV Outreach and
Treatment programs, the populations of youth they were able to reach, and
the populations of HIV-positive youth they were able to identify. Program
specifications from five programs located in four major metropolitan
centers were contrasted. Four of the programs also provided outcome data
for HIV counseling and testing outcome numbers, demographic and risk
profile data for youth who underwent HIV testing, and mode of infection of
HIV-positive youth. The program outcomes were discussed in terms of
similarities and differences in outreach methods, geographic settings,
individual characteristics and youth subcultures. The article concludes
that because HIV-positive adolescents will constitutionally remain a
"hidden population," a great deal of time and effort will continue
to need to go into the front end of outreach, counseling and testing. The
authors state that specific guidance and recommendations for locating
HIV-positive youth were provided to program designers for each type of
outreach strategy (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14524 |
|
Authors: |
Ebne,
D.L., Laviage, M.M.
|
|
Title: |
The Parallel Universe
of Homeless and HIV-positive Youth. |
|
Source: |
Seminars in Pediatric
Infectious Diseases 14(1): 32-37, 2003. (Journal
Article: 6 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This articles addresses
the alarming rates of HIV/AIDS among homeless youth. Homeless youth tend to
live in a world typically considered by those trying to care for
them-family, friends, and healthcare providers-as unreachable and hopeless.
This article seeks to present "their world" to health
professionals in attempts to depict it not as inaccessible, but as a
sensitive one that takes great care and support in order for contact to be
successful. The words of health professionals and of individuals who have
tried to make this connection are used to facilitate the presentation
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 13863 |
|
Authors: |
English,
A., Morreale, M., Larsen, J.
|
|
Title: |
Access to Health Care
for Youth Leaving Foster Care: Medicaid and SCHIP. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 32(6): 53-69, 2003. (Journal Article:
16 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In this article, the
authors examine how Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance
Program (SCHIP) could improve health care access for youth aging out of
foster care, a vulnerable population with multiple health concerns. On the
basis of an analysis of state and federal laws, state plans and amendments,
and a telephone survey of state officials, this article identifies options
in Medicaid and SCHIP for states to provide health insurance coverage for
these youth, examines states' use of available options, and highlights
other relevant federal health care programs. The authors state that
numerous Medicaid and SCHIP eligibility categories could provide coverage
for older adolescents leaving foster care. The federal Foster Care
Independence Act of 1999 (FCIA) created a new Medicaid expansion option for
this group and other opportunities for states to address their health care
needs. The authors also state that numerous other federal programs also
finance health care that could serve this population. The article asserts
that the potential exists through Medicaid or SCHIP to ensure that nearly
all former foster youth have health insurance as they leave state custody,
but Medicaid and SCHIP cannot alone meet all health care needs of these
youth. The article also asserts that financing available through other
public programs is essential. The authors conclude that while a few states
have adopted the new FCIA Medicaid expansion option for former foster
youth, and a larger number have implemented other relevant Medicaid
options, most states could do much
more (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 12705 |
|
Authors: |
Ensign,
J.
|
|
Title: |
Ethical Issues in
Qualitative Health Research with Homeless Youths. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Advanced
Nursing 43(1): 43-50, 2003. (Journal Article:
8 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In this paper, the author
provides an overview of the main ethical challenges of conducting qualitative
research with homeless youths and proposes possible solutions to these
challenges. The article was based on
a review of professional guidelines for the ethical conduct of adolescent
health research, national (US) and international bioethics, bibliographical
searches, and personal experience with qualitative research with homeless
youths. The authors assert that the
main ethical challenges of conducting qualitative research with homeless
youths include establishing and maintaining healthy researcher roles and
boundaries, addressing the risks of researcher burn-out and safety issues,
assuring optimal confidentiality, and avoiding sensationalism and
voyeurism. The authors suggest that
it is important for qualitative researchers who work with vulnerable
populations to ensure that research is conducted in the most ethical way
possible (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14525 |
|
Authors: |
Feldmann,
J., Middleman, A.B.
|
|
Title: |
Homeless Adolescents:
Common Clinical Concerns. |
|
Source: |
Seminars in Pediatric
Infectious Diseases 14(1): 6-11, 2003. (Journal
Article: 6 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The article addresses the
alarmingly high risks for a myriad of physical and psychological problems
faced by homeless youth as a result of both the circumstances that preceded
their homelessness, and as a direct consequence of life on the streets.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), pregnancy, trauma, tuberculosis,
uncontrolled asthma, and dermatologic infestations are a few of the health
problems with which these youth commonly present. These somatic problems
are compounded by high rates of drug and alcohol abuse as well as
depression and suicide. Despite the obvious need for medical services,
homeless youth often do not receive appropriate medical care due to
numerous individual and systems barriers impeding health care access by
this population. In addition to the barriers experienced by the adult
homeless population, homeless adolescents confront further hurdles stemming
from their age and developmental stage. Some of these impediments include a
lack of knowledge of clinic sites, fear of not being taken seriously,
concerns about confidentiality, and fears of police or social services
involvement. Improved access to appropriate health care is necessary if we
are to better support and care for this population of young people. To
effectively manage and treat homeless youth, individual providers must be
aware of the diagnoses associated with homelessness, as well as the
community resources available to these youth. Finally, providers need to be
the voices advocating for improved services for this disadvantaged and
silent population (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 12883 |
|
Authors: |
Ginzler,
J., Cochran, B., Domenech-Rodriguez, M., Cauce, A., Whitbeck, L.
|
|
Title: |
Sequential Progression
of Substance Use Among Homeless Youth: An Empirical Investigation of the
Gateway Theory. |
|
Source: |
Substance Use and Misuse
38(3-6): 725-758, 2003. (Journal Article:
33 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In this article, the
authors examined the sequence of substance-use initiation in 375 street
youth who were interviewed from 1994-99 in Seattle, WA. Based on the
"gateway theory," participants were categorized into six profiles
to describe the order in which they initiated use of various substances (i.e.,
alcohol, marijuana, other drugs), or classified as nonprogressors if they
had not tried all three classes of drugs. Youth progressing in the
hypothesized gateway order (i.e., alcohol preceding marijuana, followed by
other drugs) initiated their use at an earlier age than youth who had not
progressed through all three substance classes. However, there was no
relationship between a substance initiation profile and current
substance-use. Implications include the recognition that street youth may
follow different patterns of use than normative groups, and that
interventions geared toward youth who use substances heavily must include
contextual factors, in addition to substance-use history (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14441 |
|
Authors: |
Harris,
S.K., Samples, C.L., Keenan, P.M., Fox, D.J., Melchiono, M.W., Woods, E.R.
|
|
Title: |
Outreach, Mental
Health, and Case Management Services: Can They Help to Retain HIV-Positive
and At-Risk Youth and Young Adults in Care? |
|
Source: |
Maternal and Child Health
Journal 7(4): 205-218, 2003. (Journal
Article: 14 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study’s objective was
to assess the impact of outreach, mental health, and case management
services on retention in primary care of HIV+ and at-risk youth and young
adult clients of the Boston HAPPENS program, a comprehensive adolescent HIV
prevention and care network of agencies.
Providers at eight urban sites used standard data forms at each
visit to collect background and service receipt information on at-risk
clients aged 12-24 years. Data were aggregated
across all visits for each client to create summary variables for the
number of times each client received each type of service. The retention measure was the number of
days between a client’s first and last visits during the 4-year data
collection period. Kaplan-Meier
survival curve and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used
to assess the association between receipt of the support services of
interest and the retention measure.
The median retention times were 21 days for male clients and 26 day
for female clients. Among males, 45%
were retained beyond a month, 24% beyond a year, and 10% beyond two
years. Similar proportions of
females were retained beyond a month and a year, but more females were
retained beyond two years. After
adjusting for other covariates, both male and female clients had significantly
longer retention times if they received greater than or equal to two
outreach contacts, or case management at greater than or equal to three
visits. Among males, receipt of
mental health counseling at greater than or equal to two visits also
increased retention times. These
findings suggest that provision of outreach, mental health, and case
management service can improve retention in care of at-risk youth and young
adults (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 12800 |
|
Authors: |
Homes for
the Homeless.
|
|
Title: |
Children Having
Children: Teen Pregnancy and Homelessness in New York City. |
|
Source: |
New York, NY: Homes for
the Homeless, 2003. (Report: 4 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This report describes the
rising teenage birth rate in the homeless population. In this study, almost
half of homeless heads of household in New York City shelters were teenage
mothers. These young mothers appear to be least equipped to deal with the
everyday challenges of parenting, childcare, education, and employment, let
alone finding and keeping a permanent home. Unlike other homeless families
who at least have a foundation for advancement, they usually grew up in
unstable environments and are deprived of opportunities by the early burden
of parenthood (authors). Available From: Homes for the Homeless, The
Institute for Children and Poverty, 36 Cooper Square, Sixth Floor, New
York, NY 10003, (212) 529-5252, www.homesforthehomeless.com. |
|
|
Order #: 12972 |
|
Authors: |
Rew, L.
|
|
Title: |
A Theory of Taking Care
of Oneself Grounded in Experiences of Homeless Youth. |
|
Source: |
Nursing Research 52(4):
234-241, 2003. (Journal Article: 8 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Homeless adolescents are
vulnerable to poor health outcomes owing to the dangerous and stressful
environments in which they live. Despite their vulnerability, many of them
are motivated to engage in self-care behaviors. The specific aim of this
study was to explore self-care attitudes and behaviors of homeless
adolescents. Individual interviews
were conducted with 15 homeless adolescents. Interviews were audiotaped,
transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the constant comparative method of
grounded theory. Findings revealed a
basic social process of taking care of oneself in a high-risk environment.
This basic social process was supported by three categories: Becoming Aware
of Oneself, Staying Alive With Limited Resources, and Handling One's Own
Health, each including two processes.
Findings support Orem's conceptualizations of self-care and
self-care agency and suggest the need for programs to support further
healthy growth and development among homeless adolescents (author). |
|
|
Order #: 13449 |
|
Authors: |
Rosenthal,
D., Mallett, S.
|
|
Title: |
Involuntary Sex
Experienced by Homeless Young People: A Public Health Problem. |
|
Source: |
Psychological Reports
93(3): 1195-1196, 2003. (Journal Article:
2 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article discusses the
incidence of involuntary sex among homeless young people. The authors assert that this risk is
considerably higher than in the general population, and that the most
common reason for unwanted sex is being drunk or high at the time. The
article states that there is a need for programs that provide homeless
young people with knowledge and decision-making skills to enable them to
avoid unwanted sex and thus exposure to adverse sexual health outcomes
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14526 |
|
Authors: |
Rotheram-Borus,
M.J., Song, J., Gwadz, M., Lee, M., Van Rossem, R., Koopman, C.
|
|
Title: |
Reductions in HIV Risk
Among Runaway Youth. |
|
Source: |
Prevention Science : The
Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research 4(3): 173-187,
2003. (Journal Article: 15 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article uses a
quasi-experimental design, the efficacy of an HIV prevention program was
evaluated over 2 years among 2 groups of runaways: those at 2 shelters who
received Street Smart, an intensive HIV intervention program, and youth at 2 control shelters. Street Smart
provided youth with access to health care and condoms and delivered a
10-session skill-focused prevention program based on social learning theory
to youth. Prior to analysis of the intervention's outcomes, propensity
scores were used to identify comparable subgroups of youth in the
intervention and control conditions. Compared to females in the control
condition, females in the intervention condition significantly reduced
their unprotected sexual acts at 2 years and alcohol use, marijuana use,
and the number of drugs used over 12 months. Male adolescents in the
intervention condition showed significant reductions in marijuana use over
6 months compared to control youth. Adolescent HIV prevention programs must
proactively identify mechanisms for maintaining behavior change over the
long-term, and innovative research designs are needed to allow examination
of agency-level interventions (authors).
|
|
|
Order #: 14527 |
|
Authors: |
Saewyc,
E.M.
|
|
Title: |
Influential Life
Contexts and Environments for Out-of-Home Pregnant Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Holistic
Nursing : Official Journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association
21(4): 343-367, 2003. (Journal Article:
25 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article used a
focuses ethnography to explore influential life experiences and
environmental contexts associated with pregnancy among
"out-of-home" pregnant adolescent women in Seattle. Methods
adapted from feminist anthropology guided ethnographic interviewing and
participant observation. Key informants included 5 White, 1 American
Indian, and 2 African American women 17-19 years, plus expectant fathers
and street friends. Narrative and domain analysis focused on life events
and current experiences that participants linked to their pregnancy
decisions. Participants organized their narratives primarily around
relationships: conflict-laden family relationships, violence and sexual
abuse in childhood, mental health and substance abuse problems, and life-long
patterns of housing instability. Economic challenges, disconnection to
school, and spiritual change were important in their current circumstances.
For most, out-of-home status preceded pregnancy, and during pregnancy,
housing options improved slightly. For others, pregnancy occurred within a
relationship that offered them relatively more stable housing arrangements
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14528 |
|
Authors: |
Steele,
R.W., Ramgoolam, A., Evans, J. Jr.
|
|
Title: |
Health Services for
Homeless Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Seminars in Pediatric
Infectious Diseases 14(1): 38-42, 2003. (Journal
Article: 5 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article is a
prospective review designed to determine the effectiveness of a
broad-spectrum health intervention program for homeless and runaway youth.
Diagnosis, treatment, and counseling for drug use, sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs), and other health issues were provided to all new
admissions to a residential care facility during a 7year enrollment.
Education was continued during a minimum follow-up period of 9 months based
on the program entitled Bright Futures, previously developed and published
by the National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health.
Fifty-four percent of the study residents had STDs on admission, and 9% developed
new STDs after completing therapy and undergoing counseling. Drug
dependence was reduced from 47% to 4%, and 46% achieved full-time or
part-time employment. Sixty-three percent completed hepatitis B
immunization with the 3-dose series. This experience suggests that an
organized program of interventions in a residential care facility for
homeless teenagers can significantly reduce drug dependence and STDs
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 12889 |
|
Authors: |
Votta,
E., Manion, I.
|
|
Title: |
Factors in the
Psychological Adjustment of Homeless Adolescent Males: The Role of Coping
Style. |
|
Source: |
Journal of American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 42(7): 778-785, 2003. (Journal Article: 7 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This cross-sectional study
explored differences in and the association of self-reported coping style,
negative life events, self-esteem, and perceived social support with the
psychological adjustment (i.e., depressive symptoms, internalizing and
externalizing behavior problems) of adolescent males who were homeless and
nonhomeless . Data was collected from 100 youths accessing an emergency
shelter and two comparison groups of nonhomeless youths: 70 youths
accessing local community drop-in centers and 54 high school youths who had
never accessed a shelter or drop-in. Data were collected from January 2000
to January 2001 in Ottawa. Homeless
youths reported a higher prevalence of family dysfunction, school
difficulties, suicide attempts, legal problems, and substance use than
nonhomeless youths. Youths who were homeless differed from youths who were
nonhomeless for each outcome measure, reporting a greater use of the
disengagement coping style, higher negative life events index, less
perceived parental support, and higher levels of depressive symptoms and
internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Hierarchical regression
analyses indicated that disengagement coping and self-worth accounted for
significant amounts of variance in depressive symptomatology, and both
internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in homeless youths. Findings reflect the merit of considering
coping style as a factor in the prevalence of psychological maladjustment
among homeless youths (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14529 |
|
Authors: |
Barry,
P.J., Ensign, J., Lippek, S.H.
|
|
Title: |
Embracing Street
Culture: Fitting Health Care into the Lives of Street Youth. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Transcultural
Nursing : Official Journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society 13(2):
145-152, 2002. (Journal Article: 8 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article describes a
unique model for the provision of comprehensive primary health care for
homeless youth in Seattle, Washington. Through the description of our
program, we argue for the use of youth-centric instead of youth-friendly
programs. This means a change from using the friendly health program as the
central focus to having the young people be the starting point and adapting
the health service to meet their needs. We describe how our model of care
optimizes chances for homeless youth to establish positive connections with
caring adults. We also show how homeless youth have their own street culture,
which is of primary importance to them and which has a powerful impact on
how they use and view health care (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 11643 |
|
Authors: |
Beech,
B.M., Meyers, L., Beech, D.J.
|
|
Title: |
Hepatitis B and C
Infections among Homeless Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Family and Community
Health 25 (2): 28-36, 2002. (Journal Article:
9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The lifestyle of homeless
adolescents places them at high risk for contracting serious
illnesses. This study sought to
determine the hepatitis status and predictors of hepatitis infection among
150 homeless adolescents. Each
participant took a psychosocial survey and provided a venous blood
sample. Most respondents had engaged
in sexual intercourse; approximately 36% indicated they had exchanged sex
for food, shelter or drugs. Youth
reported a high rate of consistent condom use, however 22% tested positive
for hepatitis B or C. Homeless youth
should be considered a high-risk group for hepatitis B or C virus
infection. As hepatitis B
vaccination programs have been targeted at school-based youth, most
homeless youth are missed by these efforts.
Targeted programs are needed to immunize this high-risk group
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 12549 |
|
Authors: |
Ensign,
J., Panke, A.
|
|
Title: |
Barriers and Bridges to
Care: Voices of Homeless Female Adolescent Youth in Seattle, Washington. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Advanced
Nursing 37(2): 166-172, 2002. (Journal
Article: 6 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The purpose of this study
was to conduct an assessment of reproductive health-seeking behaviors,
sources of advice, and access to care issues among a sample of clinic-based
homeless adolescent women. Adolescent women are among the most vulnerable
and medically underserved subgroups within the homeless population in the
United States. Homeless youth are rarely invited to participate in research
aimed at improving their access to appropriate health care. Also, the culture
in which they live and the personal experience of being homeless are often
not addressed. The women said that they seek health advice from other
women, including their mothers even while they are homeless. They reported
first trying self-care interventions, and going to clinics when self-care
actions no longer worked. They stated that the main barriers to health care
were lack of insurance, confusion over consent, transportation problems,
and lack of respect and judgementalism from providers. Using the concept of
cultural competency, the results provide insights into how to improve
communication and health care services for these women (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 11832 |
|
Authors: |
Liverpool,
J., McGhee, M., Lollis, C., Beckford, M., Levine, D.
|
|
Title: |
Knowledge, Attitudes,
and Behavior of Homeless African-American Adolescents: Implications for
HIV/AIDS Prevention. |
|
Source: |
Journal of the National
Medical Association 94(4): 257-263, 2002. (Journal
Article: 7 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study describes the
knowledge of HIV/AIDS, attitudes about condom use, and the sexual behavior
of African American adolescents who reside in a children's emergency
homeless shelter. Of the 37
African-American male and female adolescents questioned, HIV/AIDS knowledge
and attitudes about condoms were comparable to those of other adolescents
described in the literature. The
authors conclude that the knowledge, attitudes, and sexual behavior of
homeless, African-American adolescents should be examined to develop and
implement appropriate programs to address the specific needs of this
population (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 11326 |
|
Authors: |
McMorris,
B.J., Tyler, K.A., Whitbeck, L.B., Hoyt, D.R.
|
|
Title: |
Familial and
"On-the-Street" Risk Factors Associated with Alcohol Use among
Homeless and Runaway Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Studies on
Alcohol 63(1): 34-43, 2002. (Journal Article:
9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study investigated
factors associated with alcohol use among homeless and runaway adolescents,
using a risk-amplification model.
Homeless and runaway adolescents were recruited and interviewed by
outreach workers directly on the streets, in shelters, and in drop-in
centers in four Midwestern states.
The average age was 16 years, ages ranged from 12-22. This study sheds light on the nature of
alcohol use in a high-risk population.
Family background and "on-the-street" factors must be
taken into consideration when treating alcohol misuse in street youth. The alternative is a vicious cycle
whereby homeless youth may become homeless adults (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14230 |
|
Authors: |
Quinlivan,
J.A., Evans, S.F.
|
|
Title: |
The Impact of
Continuing Illegal Drug Use on Teenage Pregnancy Outcomes: A Prospective
Cohort Study. |
|
Source: |
International Journal of
Obstetrics and Gynecology 109(10): 1148-1153, 2002. (Journal Article: 6 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study’s objective was
to evaluate the impact of continuing illegal drug use on teenage pregnancy
outcomes. A prospective cohort study
was conducted in three Australian obstetric hospitals. The subjects were four hundred and
fifty-six teenage antenatal patients.
Teenage antenatal patients were interviewed and completed
questionnaires to establish their pattern of non-prescription drug use
before and during pregnancy. Illegal
drug use data provided by the participants were validated in a subgroup of
180 who were interviewed six months postpartum. Antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal
outcomes were collated independently.
Data were analyzed using SAS.
In the cohort, 20.3% used marijuana throughout their pregnancy. However, 33.5% of these were multidrug
users. The remaining 79.6% did not
use illegal drugs throughout pregnancy (non-users). However, half the non-users were ex-users
who ceased drug use immediately before or during early pregnancy. Illegal drug use was associated with an
increased incidence of concurrent cigarette and alcohol use and social and
psychiatric morbidity. Multidrug use
was associated with a significant increase in the incidence of chlamydial
and other endocervical infections.
After controlling for significant covariates, and in the setting of
good antenatal care, the only difference in outcome was a significant
linear trend towards an increased incidence of threatened preterm labor
across the three groups. Of note,
there were no effects on birthweight, birthweight ratio or preterm birth. Good antenatal care may be able to
ameliorate many adverse pregnancy outcomes in teenagers who use illegal
drugs throughout pregnancy. The high
levels of coexisting psychosocial morbidity are a concern for future
mothercrafting (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 12546 |
|
Authors: |
Rew, L.
|
|
Title: |
Characteristics and
Health Care Needs of Homeless Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Nursing Clinics of North
America 37(3): 423-431, 2002. (Journal
Article: 8 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article discusses the
significant and growing number of adolescents who separate early from their
families and become homeless. These youths are heterogeneous in terms of
gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, but the majority come
from families that have been disruptive or dysfunctional in some way.
Homeless adolescents are vulnerable to a variety of physical and
psychological problems related not only to their family histories but to
the stressful environments in which they try to survive. Although numerous
federal, state, and local programs have been developed to meet their needs
for shelter, health care, and education, much remains to be done to ensure
their healthy development and to prepare them for responsible life in the
larger society (author). |
|
|
Order #: 11445 |
|
Authors: |
Rew, L.,
Chambers, K.B., Kulkarni, S.
|
|
Title: |
Planning a Sexual
Health Promotion Intervention with Homeless Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Nursing Research 51(3):
168-174, 2002. (Journal Article: 7 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Homeless adolescents are
at a very high risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), but few
street-based interventions have been developed, tested, and made available
to reduce risk and promote sexual health within this growing population. This study, part of a larger study of the
sexual health practices of homeless adolescents, explores participants'
perceived need for more knowledge about sexual health and their ideas about
developing a brief intervention to promote positive sexual health practices
that would reflect their perspective.
Four locus groups with five to six participants each were conducted
with 22 youth aged 16-20 years, randomly selected from the study sample of
425 homeless youth. Most
participants were White, one was American Indian, two were Hispanic, and
one did not indicate ethnicity.
Local groups were audiotape recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for
manifest and latent content.
Participants were knowledgeable about symptoms, transmission,
prevention, and treatment of STDs, but perceived the need for more
knowledge about types of hepatitis, cancer, and long-term sequelae of
untreated STDs. Participants
identified barriers to seeking diagnosis and treatment for symptoms of STDs
including cost, not knowing where to go, and lack of services specifically
for females. They suggested
developing a sexual health intervention based on respect that would provide
concrete examples of how to promote their sexual health. Homeless adolescents were generally
knowledgeable about symptoms and prevention of STDs and thought that street
outreach interventions should be brief, gender-specific, focused on the
unique vulnerabilities and strengths of homeless youth, and accessible
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 12073 |
|
Authors: |
Rew, L.,
Fouladi, R.T., Yockey, R.D.
|
|
Title: |
Sexual Health Practices
of Homeless Youth. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Nursing
Scholarships 34(2): 139-145, 2002. (Journal
Article: 6 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article describes a
study done with 414 homeless young men, and women, ages 16-20 on the sexual
health practices of homeless adolescents, and examines the relationships among the
variables in a conceptual model of sexual health practices. The authors also determine the direct and
indirect effects of population characteristics, cognitive-perceptual
factors, and behavioral factors on
the sexual health practices of homeless adolescents. The authors assert that the respondents
reported a high incidence of sexual abuse and homosexual and bisexual orientation, and that their safe-sex
behaviors were surprisingly similar to those of university students
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14232 |
|
Authors: |
Roy, E.,
Haley, N., Leclerc, P., Cedras, L., Boivin, J.F.
|
|
Title: |
Drug Injection Among
Street Youth: The First Time. |
|
Source: |
Addiction 97(8):
1003-1009, 2002. (Journal Article: 7 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article describes the
circumstances of the first drug injection among street youth. A cohort study was conducted in 1995-2000
of subjects aged 14-25 years old who were recruited in all major Montreal
organizations offering free services to street youth. Subjects who reported ever having
injected drugs completed questions on the circumstances of their first
injection (calendar time, location, type of relationship with the
initiation, presence of others, drug first injected, source of needle and
use of clean needle and other injection materials). Questions on characteristics of the
initiator and prior use of the first injected drug were added during the
course of the study. Of 980
participants, 530 had ever injected drugs.
Questionnaires were completed by 505 subjects, including 77 who also
answered the additional questions.
The mean age at first injection was 17.7 years old. First injection occurred mainly in public
places. It was performed by a close
friend, the youth himself/herself, an acquaintance, a lover, or other
person. Overall, 84% of youth first
injected with a clean needle; only 62% used clean drug preparation
equipment. The first drug injected
was generally cocaine or heroin.
Two-thirds had used drug of first injection previously; however, the
majority was not dependent upon it.
Most street youth used clean needles at first injection, but use of
other clean injection materials was less frequent. Factors other than dependence appear to
play a significant role in initiation into injection (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14530 |
|
Authors: |
Snell,
C.L.
|
|
Title: |
Help-Seeking and
Risk-Taking Behavior Among Black Street Youth: Implications for HIV/AIDS
Prevention and Social Policy. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Health &
Social Policy 16(1-2): 21-32, 2002. (Journal
Article: 12 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article explores and
analyzes the help-seeking and risk-taking behavior of Black urban street
youth in Washington, DC, USA and Cape Town, South Africa. The target
population of 100 youths came from the streets of Washington, DC and Cape
Town, South Africa. Structured face-to-face interviews and direct
observation of informal and formal settings where youths congregated were
used to gather data. Major findings indicate that the majority received
high levels of support from families and friends. In terms of formal
systems, social and mental health services are viewed as much less
accessible or useful. Youths were knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS but did not
translate this into safer sexual practices. Implications for health and
social policy are outlined (authors).
|
|
|
Order #: 14531 |
|
Authors: |
Van
Leeuwen, J.M., Rietmeijer, C.A., LeRoux, T., White, R., Petersen, J.
|
|
Title: |
Reaching Homeless
Youths for Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Screening in
Denver, Colorado. |
|
Source: |
Sexually Transmitted
Infections 78(5): 357-359, 2002. (Journal
Article: 3 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study utilized the
availability of urine based testing for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) to screen for these pathogens outside
traditional clinical settings. The researchers investigated the feasibility
of street based CT/GC screening in the context of an outreach program among
street/homeless adolescents in Denver.
To describe the integration of urine based CT/GC screening into an
existing outreach program among street/homeless youths and the yield of
CT/GC testing in this setting. The
Denver Department of Public Health (DPH) collaborated with outreach staff
from Urban Peak to offer urine based CT/GC testing to males and females in
street settings. Tests were conducted on the street in areas where
street/homeless youths congregate. Urban Peak outreach staff were trained
by DPH staff to conduct CT testing, process urine specimens, and provide
test results to participating youths. DPH remained responsible for
treatment of people with CT or GC infection as well as CT/GC case
reporting. Throughout April 2002 a total of 414 CT and 302 GC tests were
conducted, respectively 11.6% and 2.7% of which were positive. Among first
testers, 13.0% were positive for CT and 3.7% for GC. CT/GC urine testing
can be incorporated into existing outreach program without considerable
extra effort. Overall CT rates were high and suggest the need for ongoing
screening in this manner (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 12847 |
|
Authors: |
Whitbeck,
L.B., Hoyt, D.R., Johnson, K.D., Berdahl, T.A., Whiteford, S.W.
|
|
Title: |
Midwest Longitudinal
Study of Homeless Adolescents: Baseline Summary Report. |
|
Source: |
Lincoln, NE: University of
Nebraska, 2002. (Report: 10 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This report summarizes
findings from the Midwest Longitudinal Study of Homeless Adolescents (MLSHA),
a four state study of runaway adolescents. The project is in its second
year and this is its first report. The report contains detailed information
from interviews that the survey outreach workers conduct every three months
with runaways who agree to stay in touch over the three-year period,
typically from age 16 to 19. About
65 percent of the initial group of 455 teens have stayed in touch with
interviewers, who are in many cases one of the few adults who express
interest in their lives. During the interviews, new insights are gained
about the lives of these teens. For example, there are different gradients
of runaways, from "couch surfers" who leave home and sleep on the
sofas of friends and relatives before going back home, to hard-core runaways
with their own subculture. The study is important for a number of reasons,
including troubling signs that runaway teens are poorly equipped for adult
life (authors). Available From: University of Nebraska, 739 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, (402) 472-5562, www.endhomelessness.org/pub/MidwestStudy.pdf. |
|
|
Order #: 14532 |
|
Authors: |
Britto,
M.T., Klostermann, B.K., Bonny, A.E,
Altum, S.A., Hornung, R.W.
|
|
Title: |
Impact of a
School-Based Intervention on Access to Healthcare for Underserved Youth. |
|
Source: |
International Journal of
Adolescent Medicine and Health 29(2): 116-124, 2001. (Journal Article: 9 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article determines
whether a multidimensional school-based intervention, which included
physical and mental health services, increased adolescents' use of needed
medical care and preventive care and decreased emergency room use. A total of 2832 seventh through twelfth
grade students in six public urban intervention schools and 2036 students
in six demographically matched comparison schools completed a previously
validated survey regarding health status and healthcare utilization in
spring 1998 and 1999. Bivariate analyses examined the association between
intervention status and Year 1/Year 2 outcomes. The multifaceted
intervention included programs such as anger management groups, substance
abuse prevention, tutoring, home visits, and enhanced school health
services. Stepwise multivariate logistic models tested differences between
the intervention and comparison groups across years, controlling for
potential confounding variables. The interaction term for Group X Year was
used to test the effect of the intervention. Multivariable modeling was also
used to determine student factors independently associated with healthcare
utilization. Respondents had a
median age of 15 years, 56% were female, 51% were white, 42% were black,
and 34% reported chronic health problems. In both years, over 45% of students
in both groups reported not seeking medical care they believed they needed.
The proportion with missed care in the intervention schools did not change,
whereas the proportion with missed care in the comparison schools
increased. Emergency room use decreased slightly in the intervention
schools and increased slightly in the comparison schools between Year 1 and
Year 2. There were no major changes in healthcare delivery in this area
during the year, demonstrating the volatility of adolescents' perceived access
to care. Among the student factors, health status, having a chronic
condition, and being in a higher grade were independently associated with
students; report of not seeking care they believed they needed. These results confirm that many
adolescents have unmet healthcare needs. Those with poor health status are
most likely to report underutilization and unmet needs. These findings
underscore the need for comparison groups when evaluating interventions and
suggest the need for better understanding of community level changes in
perceived healthcare access and use (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 10048 |
|
Authors: |
De Rosa,
C.J.; Montgomery, S.B.; Hyde, J.; Iverson, E.; Kipke, M.D.
|
|
Title: |
HIV Risk Behavior and
HIV Testing: A Comparison of Rates and Associated Factors Among Homeless
and Runaway Adolescents in Two Cities. |
|
Source: |
AIDS Education and
Prevention 13(2), 131-148, 2001. (Journal
Article: 18 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study examined differences
in self-reported rates and predictors of HIV testing between homeless and
runaway youths in San
Diego and Los Angeles. Youths aged 13 - 23 were recruited from agency
and street sites using a stratified probability sampling design.
Interviewers administered a structured survey instrument lasting 20
minutes, which assessed youths' involvement in HIV risk-related sexual and
drug-use behaviors, contact with outreach workers, and other variables.
Significantly more Los
Angeles
youths reported testing than did San Diego youths. Multivariable analyses controlling for
risk behaviors, knowing someone with HIV, and contact with outreach workers
indicated that the higher rates of these factors in Los Angeles did not account for the difference in testing rates
between the cities. Youths in Los Angeles were still 1.85 times as likely to be tested as San Diego youths, possibly a result of differing normative
behavior and accessibility of testing services. (authors) |
|
|
Order #: 13888 |
|
Authors: |
Ensign,
J.
|
|
Title: |
The Health of
Shelter-Based Foster Youth. |
|
Source: |
Public Health Nursing
18(1): 19-23, 2001. (Journal Article:
5 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In this article, the
authors conduct an assessment of access to health care among shelter-based
foster care adolescents in Baltimore, MD. The health passports of all the foster care youth
staying at two emergency shelters had data extracted to a standardized
chart audit tool. In addition, semistructured interviews were conducted
with fifteen of the adolescents and five shelter staff. The authors assert that of the
eighty-four passports, only nine had documented up-to-date immunizations,
and only one had documented purified protein derivative (PPD) application
and reading, and a total of eleven met the criteria for significant delay
in recommended follow-up to care. The article also states that major themes
of the interviews revealed that shelter staff and youth were unaware of
specific health care recommendations, or were unable to obtain needed
health care due to insurance problems or prolonged waiting for appointment
times. The article also states that the results of this health passport
audit indicate that shelter-based foster care youth suffer from worse
access to health care than do comparable nonshelter-based foster care youth
from the same city. Specific public health nursing recommendations are made
for improving health supervision for these vulnerable youth (author). |
|
|
Order #: 11289 |
|
Authors: |
Hagedorn,
S., Young, M.L.
|
|
Title: |
Street Youth and Staff
Perceptions of Health and Healthcare. |
|
Source: |
Denver, CO: University of Colorado, In press. (Unpublished Paper:
24 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Adolescent homelessness is
a major problem in the United States, as are barriers to adolescent healthcare. The authors interviewed 16 homeless youth
and 5 staff connected with Urban Peak, Inc., an agency that serves homeless
youth. Guided by
Community-as-Partner and Primary Caring theoretical frameworks,
participants were asked to describe their experiences with health and
healthcare. Perceptions were
categorized into precursors to adolescent homelessness, experience of adolescent
homelessness, barriers to health and health care, assets that promote
health, health issues, and healthcare resources. Precursors to homelessness included
substance abuse, sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancy and
depression compromised their health.
Assets that protected participants were connection with peers and
multiservice organizations that serve youth without judgment. Access to healthcare was limited to free
clinics, which often had irregular hours and providers. Access to medications, mental health
services, and consistency of care was, as well, limited. |
|
|
Order #: 10279 |
|
Authors: |
Harrison,
P.A., Beebe, T. J., Park, E.
|
|
Title: |
The Adolescent Health
Review: A Brief, Multidimensional Screening Instrument. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 29(2): 131-139, 2001. (Journal
Article: 9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study's objective was
to develop a brief, multidimensional screening instrument for adolescents
that addresses psychosocial domains critical to adolescent preventive
health care services. Secondary
analyses were conducted on survey data obtained in 1995 from a school
sample of 76,159 students in grades 9 and 12, as well as 893 adolescents
from juvenile correctional facilities, 500 adolescents from chemical
dependency treatment programs, and 575 adolescents from residential
behavioral treatment programs. A
comprehensive set of 300 survey items was used in a series of discriminate
analyses to determine which items best distinguished males and females in
each clinical sample from their counterparts in the school sample. The item selection for the Adolescent
Health Review was guided both by empirical analyses and clinical judgment. The final screen is comprised of 33
Demographic and clinical items that address a variety of psychosocial
domains. The computerized,
self-administered screen can be completed in about 3 minutes. The screen is scored automatically and
produces an easy-to-read risk-assessment profile. Because screening items were drawn from a
large epidemiologic survey, normative profiles are available for each age
and gender sub-group. A brief,
empirically derived screening instrument, designed to address a range of
adolescent risks, offers an opportunity for information gathering that
otherwise might not be incorporated into routine clinic visits. |
|
|
Order #: 10415 |
|
Authors: |
Hovell,
M.F., Blumberg, E.J., Liles, S., Powell, L., Morrison, T.C., Duran, G.,
Sipan, C.L., Burkham, S., Kelley, N.
|
|
Title: |
Training AIDS and Anger
Prevention Social Skills in At-Risk Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Counseling and
Development 79: 347-355, 2001. (Journal
Article: 9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Youth in alternative
schools often engage in high rates of risk behaviors for AIDS and
violence. This study included 42
youth, ages 13 to 18, from alternative schools in San Diego, CA and tested the effectiveness of behavioral skills
training based on the Behavioral-Ecological Model. Two interventions were evaluated: one
teaching condom use skills and the other teaching anger management skills. Changes in most skills were significant
at postintervention but were not maintained at 6 months. Few risk-related attitudes or behaviors
improved at 6 months for either group.
|
|
|
Order #: 10928 |
|
Authors: |
Lifson,
A.R., Halcon, L.L.
|
|
Title: |
Substance Abuse and
High-Risk Needle-Related Behaviors Among Homeless Youth in Minneapolis: Implications for Prevention. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Urban Health
78(4): 690-98, 2001. (Journal Article:
9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Homeless and runaway youth
face a variety of health risks, including those related to substance abuse
and use of unsterile needles. During 1998-1999, we recruited 201 Minneapolis homeless youths aged 15-22 years; these youths
were interviewed by experienced street outreach workers from settings where
street youth were known to congregate.
Respondents spent a median of 6 months in the previous year living
on the streets or "couch hopping." There were 37% who reported
having 15 or more alcoholic drinks per week, 41% smoked 1 pack or more of
cigarettes per day, and 37% used marijuana 3 or more times a week; 15%
reported lifetime injection drug use, including 6% who used injection drugs
within the previous month. Twenty percent had received a tattoo, and 18%
body piercing with a needle that had not been sterilized or had been used
by someone else. There were 68% who had been tested for human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 52% for hepatitis B, and 25% for hepatitis C.
There were 44% who said they did not have enough information about
hepatitis B and C. Less than half
received hepatitis B vaccine; however, 51% of unvaccinated youths indicated
that they would receive vaccination if offered. These Midwestern homeless
youths face multiple health risks, including those related to substance use
and exposure to unsterile needles. Despite unsafe behaviors, many of these
youths were interested in methods to protect their health, including
education, knowing their HIV or viral hepatitis serostatus, and obtaining
hepatitis B immunization. |
|
|
Order #: 10930 |
|
Authors: |
Moon,
M.W., Binson, D., Page-Shafer, K., Diaz, R.
|
|
Title: |
Correlates of HIV Risk
in a Random Sample of Street Youths in San Francisco. |
|
Source: |
Journal of the Association
of Nurses in AIDS Care 12(6): 18-27, 2001. (Journal
Article: 10 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In a random sample of 203
street youths recruited in the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San
Francisco, the authors found significant differences between those who
reported that they could go home if they wanted to compared to those who
perceived that they could not go back home. Those who could not go home
were significantly more likely to report having been away from home for
more than 3 years, having run away before age 13, having been kicked out of
their home, and not being in touch with their parents compared to the other
group. Those who could not go home reported significantly more injection
drug use, which puts them at high risk for HIV. Health care providers can
identify street youths at highest risk by asking the question "Could
you go back home?" |
|
|
Order #: 14533 |
|
Authors: |
Noell,
J., Rohde, P., Ochs, L., Yovanoff, P., Alter, M.J., Schmid, S., Bullard,
J., Black, C.
|
|
Title: |
Incidence and
Prevalence of Chlamydia, Herpes, and Viral Hepatitis in a Homeless
Adolescent Population. |
|
Source: |
Sexually Transmitted
Diseases 28(1), 4-10, 2001. (Journal Article:
7 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article looks at the
high rates of unprotected intercourse and illegal drug use that have been
reported among homeless adolescents. As a transient population with the
potential to act as disease vectors from one location to another, incidence
and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in this population are of
particular concern. To assess a homeless adolescent population for
incidence and prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Herpes simplex virus
type 2, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV, and psychosocial
correlates of the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. Baseline
prevalence of C trachomatis was 4.17% for males and 6.30% for females.
Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 was 5.73% for males and 12.50%
for females. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus prevalences were 3.60%
and 5.0%, respectively. HIV seroprevalence was 0.3%. The incidence of
sexually transmitted infections was significantly higher among females than
among males and was associated with inconsistent condom use and, for
females, number of partners and sex with older partners. Incident hepatitis
B virus and hepatitis C virus infection rates were 3.44% and 6.61%,
respectively; both were associated with injection drug use. Among females,
the incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 and C trachomatis was
relatively high. Inconsistent condom use was the primary factor associated
with a significantly greater risk of incident sexually transmitted
infections. This was especially true for females with multiple partners.
Homeless adolescents also are at high risk for hepatitis B and C virus infection,
primarily associated with self-reported injection drug use (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 8823 |
|
Authors: |
Noell,
J., Rohde, P., Seeley, J., Ochs, L.
|
|
Title: |
Childhood Sexual Abuse,
Adolescent Sexual Coercion and Sexually Transmitted Infection Acquisition
Among Homeless Female Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Child Abuse & Neglect
25(1): 137-148, 2001. (Journal Article:
12 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study examined the
relationship between childhood experiences of sexual abuse, sexual coercion
during adolescence, and the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections
in a population of adolescents who are homeless. The authors concluded that interventions
to reduce risky sexual behaviors in homeless adolescent females may need to
consider the impact of childhood sexual abuse, particularly on the number
of sexual partners during adolescence.
However, it also should be noted that engagement in intercourse
often results from coercion and is not voluntary in this population. |
|
|
Order #: 10162 |
|
Authors: |
Noell,
J.W., Ochs, L.M.
|
|
Title: |
Relationship of Sexual
Orientation to Substance Use, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempts, and
Other Factors in a Population of Homeless Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 29(1): 1-6, 2001. (Journal Article:
6 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The purpose of this study
was to explore the relationship of sexual orientation and gender to four
sets of factors: family history,
incarceration, substance use, and depression and suicide, in a population
of homeless adolescents. A sample of
homeless adolescents was recruited in Portland, OR and assessed using semi-structured interviews at
baseline, three months and six months. A total of 532 youths provided data
on sexual orientation and other variables. Heterosexual and
non-heterosexual youths were compared on all sets of factors, primarily
using logistic regressions. Results
indicated that 44.9% of females identified as lesbian or bisexual, while
only 13.9% of males identified as gay or bisexual. Gay, lesbian, bisexual,
and "unsure" (GLBU) youths were less likely to have been in
foster care or arrested, but were more likely to have spent time in a
locked mental health treatment facility. More than one-third of all
participants reported use of injection drugs. GLBU youths were more likely
to have recently used amphetamines and to have injected drugs, however, gay-bisexual
males were less likely to have recently used marijuana. GLBU status was
associated with recent measures of depression and suicidal ideation, but
not with lifetime measures. Associations of sexual orientation with several
lifetime measures were different than with prospective measures,
demonstrating the limitations of using lifetime measures rather than recent
or prospective measures. This
population of homeless adolescents appears to be higher in its high rate of
injection drug use and the large proportion of females who identify as
lesbian or bisexual than found in other studies. The high rates of
depression and suicidal ideation, especially among GLBU youth, are of great
concern (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 10927 |
|
Authors: |
Rew, L.,
Taylor-Seehafer, M., Fitzgerald, M.L.
|
|
Title: |
Sexual Abuse, Alcohol
and Other Drug Use, and Suicidal Behaviors in Homeless Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Issues in Comprehensive
Pediatric Nursing 24(4): 225-40, 2001. (Journal
Article: 16 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Previous research has
shown that homeless youth have high rates of suicidal ideation, sexual
abuse, and abuse of alcohol and other drugs. However, little is known about how these
rates differ by gender and ethnicity.
Our objective was to describe patterns of sexual abuse, alcohol and
other drug use, and indicators of suicidal behaviors in homeless
adolescents and to determine gender and ethnic differences in these
factors. We used secondary data
analysis of data from surveys completed by 96 homeless youth whose average
age was 17.9 years. Over 60% of the
sample reported a history of sexual abuse; the majority were under the age
of 12 years when they first tried alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine; 56.3%
had injected drugs; and 46.9% had tried inhalants. During the past 12 months, 35.1% had
seriously considered suicide and 12.3% had actually attempted suicide at
least once. Significantly more
Hispanics than Whites had considered suicide. A disproportionate number of Hispanics
reported a history of sexual abuse.
Participants with a history of sexual abuse were significantly more
likely than those who did not have a history of sexual abuse to have used
alcohol and/or marijuana and to have considered suicide in the past 12
months. We found that sexual abuse
history is greater in this sample than in the general population and is
particularly prevalent among Hispanic/Latino subjects. As in other studies, sexual abuse was
more common among females than among males.
High prevalence of sexual abuse, alcohol and other drug use, and
suicidal behaviors in this sample of homeless youth underscores the need to
develop and test community-based interventions to improve their health
status. |
|
|
Order #: 10474 |
|
Authors: |
Rohde,
P., Noell, J., Ochs, L., Seeley, J.R.
|
|
Title: |
Depression, Suicidal
Ideation, and STD-Related Risk in Homeless Older Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Adolescence
24(4): 447-460, 2001. (Journal Article:
13 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study's goals were to
examine the frequency of depression and related constructs of suicidal
ideation and hopelessness in a sample of homeless older adolescents and
their associations with behaviors that may increase the risk of sexually
transmitted disease (STD).
Diagnostic interviews and blood/urine samples were obtained from 523
homeless adolescents. Overall,
approximately 12 percent had a current DSM-IV diagnosis of major depression
and 6.5 percent had dysthymia, with higher rates for female and older
participants. Depression appeared to
precede rather than follow homelessness and was associated with
biologically verified STDs (in older participants), infrequent condom use,
a non-heterosexual orientation (in older participants), and lifetime homosexual
experience. Unlike depression,
suicidal ideation and hopelessness were associated with higher rates of
intravenous drug use but lower rates of multiple sex partners and, in young
homeless women, less sexual coercion.
Depression is frequent in homeless older adolescents and has a
complex association with STD-related behaviors (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 14238 |
|
Authors: |
Sears,
C., Guyish, J.R., Weltzien, E.K., Lum, P.J.
|
|
Title: |
Investigation of a
Secondary Syringe Exchange Program for Homeless Young Adult Injection Drug
Users in San
Francisco, CA. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome 27(2): 193-201, 2001. (Journal
Article: 9 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study investigated an
HIV prevention program for homeless young adult injection drug users (IDUs)
that combined a secondary syringe exchange program (SEP) with
community-level activities. Homeless
young IDUs were recruited from street-based settings in San Francisco, and a structured questionnaire was
administered. The secondary SEP
operated in a circumscribed geographic area, and for analytic purposes
respondents were assigned to the intervention site youth who had used the
secondary SEP in the past 30 days and were significantly more likely to
share syringes, reuse syringes, share to the cotton used to filter drugs,
and use cotton with casual sex partners only inconsistently. In multivariate analysis, comparison site
remained positively associated with sharing syringes, and inconsistent
condom use with casual sex partners.
This suggests that the intervention was effective in delivering SEP
services to homeless young adults IDUs, and that IDUs who frequented the
intervention site had a lower HIV risk than comparison group IDUs
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 11131 |
|
Authors: |
Slesnick,
N., Meade, M.
|
|
Title: |
System Youth: A
Subgroup of Substance-Abusing Homeless Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Substance Abuse
13(3): 367-384, 2001. (Journal Article:
17 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study examined
shelter residents and compared the experiences of system and non-system
youth. While many youths residing at
homeless shelters will return home, many are placed in group or foster
homes. Few researchers have examined
the experiences of adolescents with a history of these out-of-home
placements. Although longitudinal
research is needed, findings argue that without intervention efforts
targeted at identified problem behaviors, youth are at risk to continue
their system involvement into adulthood (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 13864 |
|
Authors: |
Steele,
R., O'Keefe, A.
|
|
Title: |
A Program Description
of Health Care Interventions for Homeless Teenagers. |
|
Source: |
Clinical Pediatrics 40(5):
259-263, 2001. (Journal Article: 5 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In this article, the
authors determines the effectiveness of a broad-spectrum health
intervention program for homeless and runaway youth. Diagnosis, treatment,
and counseling for drug use, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and
other health issues were provided all new admissions to a residential care
facility during a two-month enrollment. Education was continued during a
nine-month follow-up period based on the program entitled Bright Futures,
previously developed and published by the National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health. The authors assert that
sixty percent of the 106 study residents had STDs on admission and seven
percent developed new STDs after completing therapy and undergoing
counseling. The authors also assert that drug dependence was reduced from
forty-one percent to three percent, and forty-two percent achieved
full-time or part-time employment. The article concludes that, based on the
evidence, an organized program of interventions in a residential care
facility for homeless teenagers can significantly reduce drug dependence
and STDs (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 10185 |
|
Authors: |
Wagner,
L.S., Carlin. L., Cauce, A.M., Tenner, A.
|
|
Title: |
A Snapshot of Homeless
Youth in Seattle: Their Characteristics, Behaviors, and Beliefs
about HIV Protective Strategies. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Community
Health 26(3): 219-232, 2001. (Journal
Article: 14 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The purpose of this study
was to determine how initial HIV prevention efforts for homeless youth were
received and to determine areas where homeless youth's beliefs and
behaviors continued to put them at risk for HIV infection. Interviews were conducted with 289 Seattle homeless youth.
Youth reported using condoms with casual partners and with clients
during most sexual activity, although condoms were often not used during
sex with main partners. Knowledge of
HIV protective strategies differed according to youth's behavioral
characteristics with heterosexual youth having the weakest knowledge of HIV
protective strategies, especially compared with young men who have sex with
men. The study concluded that there
is room for improvement in youth's knowledge and beliefs about HIV
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 8917 |
|
Authors: |
Ensign,
J.
|
|
Title: |
Reproductive Health of
Homeless Adolescent Women in Seattle, Washington,
USA. |
|
Source: |
Women and Health 31(2-3):
133-151, 2000. (Journal Article: 19 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article examines the
perspectives of adolescent females who are homeless on the topics of health
issues, self-care and fertility control, as well as on lessons from being
homeless. The research was
descriptive, using semi-structured interviews and focus groups with a
purposeful sample of 20 clinic-based female youth ages 15-23 years. The youth described female-specific
health issues of being homeless, such as problems with hygiene, sexual
exploitation, and survival sex. Most
knew of female youth who were homeless who had tried self-induced abortions
through drugs, herbs, or physical abuse.
They spoke of fertility control practices of young women living on
the streets. The women also spoke of
lessons they had learned while being homeless, including the development of
self-sufficiency. The authors
conclude that health care providers should receive increased training in
how to ask about sensitive subjects such as survival sex and the practice
of self-induced abortions (authors).
|
|
|
Order #: 8818 |
|
Authors: |
Klein,
J.D., Woods, A.H., Wilson, K.M., Prospero, M., Greene, J.,
Ringwalt, C.
|
|
Title: |
Homeless and Runaway
Youths' Access to Health Care. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 25(5): 331-339, 2000. (Journal
Article: 9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This articles describes
use of health services and self-reported access to regular and emergency
care by homeless adolescents and street youth. The study concluded that significant
numbers of homeless youth did not have a regular source of health
care. Those who had a regular source
of care were more likely to have continuity between routine and emergency
care. Integration of health services
with other agencies serving youth in shelters or on the street may improve
access to care for those without a routine source of care and provide
better continuity for these high-risk youth (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 8843 |
|
Authors: |
MacKellar,
D.A., Valleroy, L.A., Hoffmann, J.P., Glebatis, D.,
LaLota, M., McFarland, W., Westerholm, J., Jansenn, R.S.
|
|
Title: |
Gender Differences in
Sexual Behaviors and Factors Associated with Nonuse of Condoms Among
Homeless and Runaway Youths. |
|
Source: |
AIDS Education and
Prevention 12(6): 477-491, 2000. (Journal
Article: 15 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article evaluates
gender-specific factors associated with nonuse of condoms among homeless
and runaway youths (HRYs) and explores gender differences in background
experiences, psychosocial functioning, and risk behaviors among HRYs from
four U.S. metropolitan areas. Of 879 sexually active HRYs sampled,
approximately 70% reported unprotected sexual intercourse during a
six-month period, and nearly a quarter reported never using condoms in the
same period. Among males and
females, having only one sex partner in the previous six months had the
strongest association with nonuse of condoms. Among males, nonuse was also associated
with having ever caused pregnancy, frequent marijuana use, prior physical
victimization, and low self-control and sociability. Among females, nonuse was associated with
knowledge of HIV status, prior sexual victimization, low social support,
and infrequent marijuana use. These
findings highlight the ongoing need for HIV prevention services for HRYs. Implications for the scope and content of
these services are discussed (authors).
|
|
|
Order #: 8443 |
|
Authors: |
Murphy,
D.A., Rotheram-Borus, M.J., Joshi, V.
|
|
Title: |
HIV-infected Adolescent
and Adult Perceptions of Tuberculosis Testing, Knowledge and Medication
Adherence in the USA. |
|
Source: |
AIDS Care Journal 12(1):
59-63, 2000. (Journal Article: 5 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
HIV-infected adolescent
and adult perceptions of tuberculosis (TB) infection rates and physician TB
behaviour, and patient knowledge of TB transmission and treatment adherence
were assessed. HIV-infected youth
from adolescent clinical care sites in three cities and HIV-infected adults
in New York were interviewed.
Adolescent self-report was compared to medical chart review. Adolescents reported they were
significantly less likely to be tested, although testing rates were high
for both samples. Approximately 9%
of both samples reported infection with TB; the majority of whom reported
receiving medication, and consistent medication adherence. The overall mean knowledge score was 66%,
with significant age differences: adolescents were less knowledgeable than
adults, and young males tended to be less knowledgeable than young
females. Age, gender and experience
with TB (self-perception of TB, testing history and clinic choice) significantly
predicted accuracy of knowledge about TB.
Results suggest that if HIV-infected individuals, a population at
very high risk and often among the least able to afford health care
resources, receive the education and support they need from their community
health care sources they may substantially reduce their chances of
contracting and spreading TB (authors).
|
|
|
Order #: 10470 |
|
Authors: |
Pastor
Bolnick, J., Tina, S.
|
|
Title: |
Living at the Edge of
the World: A Teenager's Survival in the Tunnels of Grand Central Station. |
|
Source: |
New
York, NY: St.
Martin's Press, 2000. (Book: 288
pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Tina S. spent four years
as a teenage homeless drug addict, living in the tunnels of Grand Central
Station, stealing, panhandling, hustling, and bingeing on crack cocaine.
Tina was introduced to life at the station by April, a rootless teenager
who helped Tina escape her dysfunctional family. Their friendship bound
them in a spiral of escalating drug use, crime, and violence until April
committed suicide at the age of 19. Tina struggled with grief and guilt at
April's death, as well as her own addiction, in an effort to pull herself
out of a cycle of arrest and homelessness. In this first-person account,
Tina interweaves her story and April's. She recounts harrowing memories of
the slow deterioration of friends and acquaintances, and her own struggles
in and out of rehabilitation programs. With the help of coauthor Bolnick
and others, Tina eventually began the slow process of drug rehabilitation,
reconciliation with her family, and adoption of a more normal lifestyle.
This is a raw and riveting account of drug addiction and homelessness
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 8902 |
|
Authors: |
Tyler, K.A., Whitbeck, L.B., Hoyt,
D.R., Yoder, K.A.
|
|
Title: |
Predictors of
Self-Reported Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Homeless and Runaway
Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Sex Research
37(4): 369-377, 2000. (Journal Article:
9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article investigates
factors associated with self-reported sexually transmitted diseases among
569 homeless and runaway adolescents in four Midwestern states. Youth were interviewed by outreach
workers directly on the streets, in shelters, and in drop-in centers. Results indicated that family abuse was
positively related to substance use, affiliation with friends who sold sex,
and time on own. Early family abuse
indirectly increased the likelihood of self-reported sexually transmitted
diseases through time on own, substance use, friends selling sex, and risky
sexual behaviors. Finally, substance
use and affiliation with friends who sold sex was positively associated
with risky sexual behaviors, which in turn was related to self-reported
sexually transmitted diseases (authors).
|
|
|
Order #: 8682 |
|
Authors: |
Whitbeck,
L.B., Hoyt, D.R., Bao, W.N.
|
|
Title: |
Depressive Symptoms and
Co-Occurring Depressive Symptoms, Substance Abuse, and Conduct Problems
Among Runaway and Homeless Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Child Development 71(3):
721-732, 2000. (Journal Article: 12 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article examines
factors that contribute to depressive symptoms and to co-occurring
depression, substance abuse, and conduct problems among 602 runaway and
homeless adolescents. The
respondents were interviewed in shelters, drop-in centers, and directly on
the streets in four Midwestern states.
Results indicate that although family-of-origin factors contribute
to depressive symptoms and comorbidity among runaway and homeless
adolescents, experiences and behaviors when the adolescents are on their
own also have powerful effects. The
authors discuss the findings from a life-course perspective focusing on
mechanisms through which street experiences accentuate or amplify already
high levels of psychological distress and behavioral problems among this
population of young people (authors).
|
|
|
Order #: 8752 |
|
Authors: |
Baron,
S.W.
|
|
Title: |
Street Youths and
Substance Use: The Role of Background, Street Lifestyle, and Economic
Factors. |
|
Source: |
Youth and Society 31(1):
3-26, 1999. (Journal Article: 24 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article examines the
role that various background, labor market, and street lifestyle factors
play in street youths' drug and alcohol use. Using a sample of 200 homeless male
street youths, the author found that exposure to parental substance abuse
increases street youths' risk of alcohol and hard-drug use. Further, histories of physical abuse are
related to the use of psychedelic drugs.
The data also indicate that long-term homelessness influences
hard-drug use, whereas drug- and alcohol-using peers influence the use of
alcohol, marijuana, and psychedelic drugs.
Participation in property crime increases street youths' use of all
types of drugs and alcohol, whereas drug distribution is linked to greater
soft drug use. Finally, job
histories and depression are linked to alcohol and hard-drug use, whereas
self-blame for unemployment increases alcohol use (author). |
|
|
Order #: 8454 |
|
Authors: |
Booth,
R.E., Zhang, Y., Kwiatkowski, C.F.
|
|
Title: |
The Challenge of
Changing Drug and Sex Risk Behaviors of Runaway and Homeless Adolescents. |
|
Source: |
Child Abuse and Neglect
23(12): 1295-1306, 1999. (Journal Article:
12 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article assesses
HIV-related drug and sex risk behaviors and evaluates factors associated
with change in risk behaviors among runaway and homeless adolescents. To conduct the study, 244 street youth
were recruited from a community drop-in center serving high-risk
youth. Approximately half of the
participants received training in a peer-based intervention, while the
remaining subjects received no intervention. Subjects were interviewed at baseline,
immediately following the intervention, and three months later. Runaways receiving the intervention
significantly increased their knowledge about HIV. Knowledge and greater perceived chance
for HIV were associated with high risk behavior. However, lower concern about HIV
infection was also associated with high risk behavior. Despite the interventions success in
increasing knowledge of HIV and AIDS, the association between knowledge,
perceived likelihood of infection and high risk behaviors suggest that,
without other alternatives, runaways will maintain their risks. |
|
|
Order #: 8458 |
|
Authors: |
Clatts,
M.C., Davis, W.R.
|
|
Title: |
A Demographic and
Behavioral Profile of Homeless Youth in New York City: Implications for AIDS Outreach and Prevention. |
|
Source: |
Medical Anthropology
Quarterly 13(3): 365-374, 1999. (Journal
Article: 10 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In this article, the
authors construct a demographic and behavioral profile of the homeless
youth population in New York City, particularly as behavioral patterns relate to risk associated with
HIV infection. Structured survey
interviews were conducted with 929 street youths between the ages of 12 and
23. Data show that street youths are
involved in multiple high-risk behaviors, including chronic, high-risk drug
abuse, as well as high-risk sexual behavior. The authors conclude that existing
resources for prevention services targeted to this population are woefully
inadequate relative to the scope of the population and the complexity of
these youths' needs. The authors
state that there is a urgent need to expand and integrate street outreach,
shelter, drug treatment, and primary health services, and to do so within a
unified service-delivery model. |
|
|
Order #: 8286 |
|
Authors: |
Costello,
E.J., Erkanli, A., Federman, E., Angold, A.
|
|
Title: |
Development of
Psychiatric Comorbidity With Substance Abuse in Adolescents: Effects of
Timing and Sex. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Clinical Child
Psychology 28(3): 298-311, 1999. (Journal
Article: 14 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article examines the
impact of childhood psychiatric disorders on the prevalence and timing of
substance use and abuse and tests for sex differences. A representative sample of 1,420
children, ages 9, 11, and 13 at intake, were interviewed annually. By age 16 more than half the sample
reported substance use and 6% had abuse or dependence. Alcohol use began by age 9, and smoking
in the 13th year. The mean onset of
dependence was 14.8 years, and mean onset of abuse was 15.1 years. Substance use began earlier in boys, but
not girls, who later developed abuse or dependence. Disruptive behavior disorders and
depression were associated with a higher rate and earlier onset of
substance use and abuse in both sexes.
Family drug problems were the strongest correlate of early
onset. Despite differences in
prevalence of psychopathology, boys and girls showed more similarities than
differences in the course of early substance abuse, and its associations
with psychopathology (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 8130 |
|
Authors: |
DeRosa,
C.J., Montgomery, S.B., Kipke, M.D., Iverson, E., Ma, J.L., Unger, J.B.
|
|
Title: |
Service Utilization
Among Homeless and Runaway Youth in Los Angeles, California: Rates and Reasons. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 24(3): 190-200, 1999. (Journal
Article: 11 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article describes the
service utilization patterns of homeless and runaway youth in a
"service-rich" area, identifies demographic and other correlates
of utilization, and contextualizes the findings with qualitative data. Survey data were collected from a sample
of 296 youth aged 13-23 years, and qualitative data were collected from 46
youth. Drop-in centers and shelters
were the most commonly used services (78% and 40%, respectively). Utilization rates differed by ethnicity,
length of time in Los
Angeles, and
city of first homeless episode.
Shelter use was strongly associated with use of all other
services. Despite generally positive
reactions to services, barriers were described including restrictive rules,
confidentiality and reporting problems, and negative interactions with
staff. Youth suggested improvements
including more targeted services, more long-term services, revised age
restrictions, and more and/or better job training and transitional
services. |
|
|
Order #: 8044 |
|
Authors: |
Ennett,
S.T., Bailey, S.L., Federman, E.B.
|
|
Title: |
Social Network
Characteristics Associated with Risky Behaviors Among Runaway and Homeless
Youth. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Health and
Social Behavior 40(1): 63-78, 1999. (Journal
Article: 16 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article describes the
personal social networks of runaway and homeless youth and examines network
characteristic associated with substance abuse and unsafe sexual
behavior. A purposive sample of
youth aged 14 to 21 who were living in Washington, DC, and were identified
on the streets or through shelters or other service agencies was
interviewed in 1995 and 1996. The
authors found that although most youth reported current social
relationships, a significant minority did not. Youth without a social network were
significantly more likely to report current illicit drug use, multiple sex
partners, and survival sex that youth with a network. For youth with a network, the networks
were small, strong in affective and supportive qualities, comprised
primarily of friends, typically included an alcohol or illicit drug user,
and usually were not a source of pressure for risky behavior (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 8235 |
|
Authors: |
Greene,
J.M., Ennett, S.T., Ringwalt, C.L.
|
|
Title: |
Prevalence and
Correlates of Survival Sex Among Runaway and Homeless Youth. |
|
Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health 89(9): 1406-1409, 1999. (Journal
Article: 4 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article examines the
prevalence and correlates of survival sex among runaway and homeless
youths. A nationally representative
sample of shelter youths and a multi-city sample of street youths were
interviewed. Approximately 28% of
street youths and 10% of shelter youths reported having participated in
survival sex, which was associated with age, days away from home,
victimization, criminal behaviors, substance use, suicide attempts,
sexually transmitted disease, and pregnancy. The authors conclude that intensive and
ongoing services are needed to provide resources and residential assistance
to enable runaways and homeless youths to avoid survival sex, which is
associated with many problem behaviors (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 8440 |
|
Authors: |
MacLean,
M.G., Paradise, M.J., Cauce, A.M.
|
|
Title: |
Substance Use and
Psychological Adjustment in Homeless Adolescents: A Test of Three Models. |
|
Source: |
American Journal of
Community Psychology 27(3): 405-425, 1999. (Journal
Article: 21 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In this article, three
models of adolescent substance use, the deviance-prone, affect-regulation,
and normative development models, are assessed regarding their ability to
predict the substance use of a high-risk homeless adolescent sample with
high rates of deviance, depression, and substance use. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses
that included tests for curvilinear and gender interaction effects were
performed. Results supported the
deviance-prone model most strongly, with delinquency but not aggressive
behavior predicting substance use.
The affect-regulation model received support for females but not for
males. With respect to the normative
development model, results did not indicate that moderate substance users
were better off than abstainers in terms of negative affect or
interpersonal relationships (authors).
|
|
|
Order #: 14534 |
|
Authors: |
Martinez,
J.
|
|
Title: |
Adolescents and HIV
Infection. |
|
Source: |
Positively Aware : The
Monthly Journal of the Test Positive Aware Network 10(3): 34-36, 1999. (Journal Article: 3 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The article expands upon
HIV studies revealing that adolescents, especially females, are becoming
HIV infected at increasingly higher rates, and in some regions, at higher
rates than adults. Delays in treatment and delivery of needed health care
and services reduces the survival of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS.
Following statistics on the epidemiology and seroprevalence surrounding
adolescent HIV/AIDS, a subpopulation profile is presented of youth
recognized within the cohort of identified HIV-infected adolescents and
young adult population in the US. These subsets include minorities,
immigrants/non-citizens, gender, gays and bisexuals, and homeless and
runaway youths. In addition, infections with STDs increases these groups'
risk of contracting HIV (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 8431 |
|
Authors: |
Maternal
and Child Health Bureau.
|
|
Title: |
Child Health USA 1999. |
|
Source: |
Maternal and Child Health
Bureau, DHHS, HRSA, 1999. (Manual: 80 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This book is a compilation
of secondary data for 54 health status indicators. It provides both
graphical and textual summaries of data and addresses long-term trends
where applicable. Providing the most current data available for public
health professionals and others, data is presented for the target
populations of Title V funding: infants, children, adolescents and women of
childbearing age. In addition to health status, the book addresses health
service utilization and population characteristics. This information
provides the reader with multi-dimensional perspective of the health of
children in the U.S. Available From: National Maternal and Child Health
Clearinghouse, 2070 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 450, Vienna, VA, 22182-2536,
Phone: (703) 821-8955, Fax: (703) 821-2098, Web site:
http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov. NO COST. |
|
|
Order #: 9832 |
|
Authors: |
Walters,
A.S.
|
|
Title: |
HIV Prevention in
Street Youth. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 25(3): 187-198, 1999. Published erratum appears in Journal of
Adolescent Health 25(6): 414, 1999. (Journal
Article: 12 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Homeless adolescents have
remained an underserved population throughout the human
immunodeficiency/acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic. This article
reviews the recent literature investigating human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) risk behavior among street youth. Prevalence rates of both adolescent
homelessness and HIV seropositivity are unknown. However, data from a
number of samples document a high prevalence of HIV risk behavior, sexually
transmitted diseases, and alcohol/drug use among homeless adolescents. A
number of individual and social factors, often associated with street
survival, propel adolescents toward high-risk behavior. For some
adolescents, testing HIV positive is perceived as advantageous in the
procurement of basic needs such as food and shelter. HIV risk-reduction
interventions must take into consideration the cause of homelessness,
access to and participation in shelter services, and individual factors
(such as the effec | | | | | |