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Bibliography #4 – Morbidity and Mortality
Among Children – March 2007
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version | back
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 Order #: 14285
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Authors: |
Anooshian,
L.J.
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Title: |
Violence and Aggression
in the Lives of Homeless Children: A Review. |
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Source: |
Aggression and Violent
Behavior 10: 129-152, 2005. (Journal Article:
24 Pages)
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Abstract: |
This review examines the
role of violence and aggression in the lives of children in homeless
families, focusing on possible connections among family violence and
isolation, children’s aggression, and children’s problems with social
isolation and rejection. Exposure to
violence appears to come from violence in homeless environments and
families as well as from aggression in parent-child relationships; that
violence leads to further negative consequences for children through the
social isolation that it produces.
Diverse consequences of violence and aggression in the lives of
homeless children include behavior problems, aggression in peer
interactions, social isolation and rejection, and other diverse
consequences arising from problematic parenting. The prevalence of aggression for homeless
children is further reinforced by the diversity of sources of increased
vulnerability to aggression.
Different theories relevant to addressing sources of youth violence
converge in predicting aggression among homeless youth; identified risk
factors for youth violence overlap with risks linked to homelessness. Yet, pervasive violence may characterize
the lives of many housed children living in extreme poverty as well. Overall, conclusions reached in this
review emphasize the need to address violence and aggression in
intervention programs for homeless children (authors). |
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Order #: 14012 |
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Authors: |
Arnow,
B.A.
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Title: |
Relationships Between
Childhood Maltreatment, Adult Health and Psychiatric Outcomes, and Medical
Utilization. |
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Source: |
Journal of Clinical
Psychiatry 65(12): 10-15, 2004. (Journal
Article: 6 Pages)
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Abstract: |
This overview of the
literature shows that individuals who suffer abuse, neglect, or serious
family dysfunction as children are more likely to be depressed, to
experience other types of psychiatric illness, to have more physical
symptoms (both medically explained and unexplained), and to engage in more
health-risk behaviors than their nonabused
counterparts. Childhood maltreatment strongly predicts poor psychiatric and
physical health outcomes in adulthood. The more severe the abuse, the
stronger the association with poor outcomes in adulthood. Childhood sexual
abuse in particular has been repeatedly associated, in adulthood, with
physical complaints such as chronic pain that are likewise associated with
depression. Individuals with a history of childhood abuse, particularly
sexual abuse, are more likely than individuals with no history of abuse to
become high utilizers of medical care and
emergency services. Childhood maltreatment is highly prevalent among both
men and women, especially in specialty settings such as emergency
psychiatric care (author). |
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Order #: 13872 |
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Authors: |
Chatterji,
P., Brooks-Gunn, J.
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Title: |
WIC Participation,
Breastfeeding Practices, and Well-Child Care Among Unmarried, Low-Income
Mothers. |
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Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health 94(8): 1324-1326, 2004. (Journal
Article: 3 pages)
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Abstract: |
In this article, the
authors estimate the effect of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for
Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participation in 1999 to 2000 on
breastfeeding initiation and duration and well-child care. The authors
applied multivariate regression to a sample of 2136 unmarried, low-income,
urban mothers from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. The article states that WIC participation
was associated with small increases in the probabilities of initiating
breastfeeding and having had at least four well-child visits since birth,
behaviors that benefit infants beyond the newborn period, but not with
breastfeeding duration (authors). |
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Order #: 13679 |
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Authors: |
Shefer,
A., Smith, P.
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Title: |
Improving the
Immunization and Health Status of Children in the Women, Infants, and
Children (WIC) Program. |
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Source: |
Journal of Health Care for
the Poor and Underserved 15: 127-140, 2004. (Journal Article: 13 pages)
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Abstract: |
This article examines the
characteristics of two groups of children: those who dropped out of the
Women, Infants, and Children Program (WIC) despite being eligible, and
those who remained in the program but were underimmunized. The authors state that of over
twenty-thousand children ages nineteen to fifteen months old, forty-nine
percent had participated in WIC but only fifty percent were still
enrolled. The article asserts that
factors most strongly associated with dropping out of the program were
older age of children; white, black or American Indian race; living in an
urban or suburban area; higher socioeconomic status but still eligible for
the program; having only one child at home; and having mother who were
unmarried or less than thirty years old.
The article also states that among current participants, factors
most strongly associated with under-vaccination included younger age of the
child; black or Asian race; moving from another state since birth; mother
with less than a high-school education; and having two or more children
under eighteen years old living in the household. The authors suggest routinely collected
child/family information be used to target outreach and
immunization-promoting interventions toward children most likely to drop
out of the program or to be underimmunized
(authors). |
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Order #: 14125 |
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Authors: |
Whitbeck,
L.B., Johnson, K.D., Hoyt, D.R., Cauce, A.M.
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Title: |
Mental Disorder and Comorbidity Among Runaway and Homeless Adolescents. |
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Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 35: 132-140, 2004. (Journal Article:
9 Pages)
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Abstract: |
This article investigates
the prevalence of mental disorder and comorbidity
among homeless and runaway adolescents in small to medium sized cities in
four Midwestern states. The study
presents lifetime, 12-month prevalence, and comorbidity
rates for five mental disorders (conduct disorder, major depressive
episode, posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse)
based on UM-CIDI and DISC-R structured interviews from the baseline
interviews of a longitudinal diagnostic study of 428 homeless and runaway
adolescents aged 16-19 years. The
data were collected by full-time street interviewers on the streets and in
shelters in eight Midwestern cities of various populations. Separate logistic regression models were
used to investigate factors associated with meeting criteria for any
disorder and two or more disorders.
Lifetime prevalence rates were compared with rates for same-aged
respondents from the National Comorbidity Survey
(NCS). Homeless and runaway adolescents
were six times more likely than same-aged NCS respondents to meet criteria
for two or more disorders and were from two to 17 times more likely to meet
criteria for individual disorders.
Homeless and runaway adolescents in small and mid-sized Midwestern
cities report significant levels of mental disorder and comorbidity
that are comparable and often exceed that reported in studies of larger
magnet cities (authors). |
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Order #: 8743 |
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Authors: |
American
Public Health Association.
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Title: |
American Journal of
Public Health. |
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Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health 2003. (Journal:Entire Issue: 79 pages)
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Abstract: |
This entire issue deals
with the issues of health care systems and health insurance mostly in
relationship to children with special health care needs. |
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Order #: 13612 |
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Authors: |
Conners,
N., Bradley, R., Mansell, L., Liu, J., Roberts, T., Burgdorf, K., Herrell,
J.
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Title: |
Children of Mothers
With Serious Substance Abuse Problems: An Accumulation of Risks. |
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Source: |
American Journal of Drug
and Alcohol Abuse 29(4): 743-758, 2003. (Journal
Article: 13 pages)
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Abstract: |
This study examines the
life circumstances and experiences of 4084 children affected by maternal
addiction to alcohol or other drugs. The authors address the
characteristics of their caregivers, the multiple risk factors faced by
these children, their health and development, and their school performance.
Data were collected from mothers at intake into fifty publicly funded
residential substance abuse treatment programs for pregnant and parenting
women. The authors assert that findings from this study suggest that
children whose mothers abuse alcohol or other drugs confront a high level
of risk and are at increased vulnerability for physical, academic, and
social-emotional problems. The authors conclude that children affected by
maternal addiction are in need of long-term supportive services (authors). |
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Order #: 14111 |
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Authors: |
Estrada,
B.
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Title: |
Ectoparasitic Infestations in Homeless Children. |
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Source: |
Seminars in Pediatric
Infectious Diseases 14(1): 20-24, 2003. (Journal
Article: 4 Pages)
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Abstract: |
This review focuses on the
epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of common ectoparasitic infestations among homeless children and
their families. Most human ectoparasites live on
the surface of their host and depend on that host to complete their life
cycle. The most common ectoparasitic infestations
of medical importance in humans include pediculosis,
scabies, myiasis, and tungiasis.
Different host factors are related, with increased risk of acquiring ectoparasitic infestation occurring among the homeless.
Although these ectoparasitic infections can be
found worldwide, their prevalence is affected significantly by
environmental conditions in different geographical areas. The most frequent
bacterial infections associated with these infestations also are discussed
(author). |
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Order #: 12384 |
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Authors: |
Hillemeier,
M.M., Lynch, J., Harper, S., Raghunathan, T., Kaplan, G.A.
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Title: |
Relative or Absolute
Standards for Child Poverty: A State-Level Analysis of Infant and Child
Mortality. |
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Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health 93(4): 652-657, 2003. (Journal
Article: 5 pages)
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Abstract: |
In this article, the
author compares the associations of state-referenced and federal poverty
measures with states' infant and child mortality rates. Based on compressed mortality and Current
Population Survey data, the authors examined the relationships between mortality
and state-referenced poverty, and the percentage of children below the
federal poverty level. The aritcle states that state-referenced poverty was not
associated with mortality among infants or children, whereas poverty as
defined by national standards was strongly related to mortality. The authors conclude that infant and
child mortality is more closely tied to families' capacity for meeting
basic needs than to relative position within the state's economic hierarchy
(authors). |
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Order #: 12094 |
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Authors: |
Marcin,
J.P., Schembri, M.S., H., J., Romano, P.S.
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Title: |
A Population-Based
Analysis of Socioeconomic and Insurance Status and Their Relationship with
Pediatric Trauma Hospitalization and Mortality Rates. |
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Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health 93(3): 461-471, 2003. (Journal
Article: 10 pages)
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Abstract: |
This article is based on a
study that investigates the socioeconomic disparities in injury
hospitalization rates and severity-adjusted mortality for pediatric trauma. The authors used 10 years if pediatric
trauma data from Sacramento, California to compare trauma hospitalization rates, trauma
mechanism and severity, and standardized hospital mortality across
socioeconomic strata. The article
states that children from lower-socioeconomic status (SES) communities had
higher injury hospitalization and mortality rates, but did not have higher
severity-adjusted mortality. The
authors assert that higher injury mortality rates among children in lower
SES communities in Sacramento County are explained by a higher incidence of trauma and
more fatal mechanisms of injury, not by greater injury severity or poorer
inpatient care (authors). |
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Order #: 13184 |
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Authors: |
Ross, D.C., Cox, L.
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Title: |
Preserving Recent
Progress on Health Coverage for Children and Families: New Tensions
Emerge. A 50 State Update on
Eligibility, Enrollment, Renewal and Cost-Sharing Practices in Medicaid and
SCHIP. |
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Source: |
Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, 2003. (Report: 66
pages)
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Abstract: |
This report includes the
latest survey of eligibility rules and enrollment and renewal procedures in
all 50 states and the District of Columbia in their Medicaid and SCHIP programs for children
and parents. The authors discuss the changes states implemented between
January 2002 and April 2003. The current survey also solicited information
about states’ premiums and cost-sharing practices. The study surveyed all
fifty states and the District of Columbia about their current Medicaid and SCHIP eligibility
rules, as well as enrollment and renewal procedures. The report presents
the good news that most states are being fairly protective of the Medicaid
and SCHIP programs even in light of the current state fiscal crises
(authors). Available From: Kaiser Family Foundation, 1330 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, (202) 347-5270, www.kff.org/KCMU. |
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Order #: 13038 |
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Authors: |
Weller,
W., Minkovitz, C., Anderson, G.
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Title: |
Utilization of Medical
and Health-Related Services Among School-Age Children and Adolescents with
Special Health Care Needs. |
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Source: |
Pediatrics 112(3):
593-603, 2003. (Journal Article: 20 pages)
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Abstract: |
The objective of this
study was to determine how socio-demographic factors and type of insurance
influence use of medical and health-related services by children with
special health care needs (CSHCN), after controlling for need. It concluded that factors in addition to
need influenced medical and health-related service use by CSHCN. Differences in the scope of benefits
covered by public insurance compared with private insurance may influence
utilization of medical and especially health-related services. Attention is needed to ensure that CSHCN
who are racial/ethnic minorities or are from less educated families have
access to needed services. Future
studies should determine whether these patterns have changed over time.
(authors) |
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Order #: 11123 |
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Authors: |
Egan, J.
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Title: |
The Hidden Lives of
Homeless Children. |
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Source: |
New York Times Magazine: March 24, 2002. (Magazine Article:
7 pages)
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Abstract: |
This article discusses the
plight of homeless families living in New York City. A typical
homeless child is under five years old, very poor and living with a sibling
and a single mother. The mother may lack the education or job skills to
lift her out of poverty; often, she has been the victim of domestic
violence. Compounding such children's precarious circumstances are two
long-term economic trends: stagnant or falling wages coupled with a rise in
housing prices. While the impact of
homelessness on these children is difficult to distinguish from the many
other hardships of poverty, there is evidence that homeless children have
more health problems, more hospitalizations and more developmental problems
than poor children who have never been homeless. Homeless children are more
likely to wind up separated from their parents for periods, either with
other relatives or in foster care. Children who experience homelessness are
also more likely to become homeless as adults (author). |
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Order #: 11825 |
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Authors: |
Karr, C.
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Title: |
Homeless Children: What
Every Health Care Provider Should Know. |
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Source: |
Nashville, TN: Health Care for the Homeless Clinicians' Network,
2002. (Guide: 105 pages)
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Abstract: |
This is an online resource
for health care providers that offers information
on how to treat children who may be at risk or who are currently
experiencing homelessness. It
includes information on recognizing homelessness and the risks of
homelessness in families with children, understanding the specific health
problems of children experiencing homelessness, modifying health care plans
and prevention strategies to account for the conditions of homelessness,
and finding resources for homeless patients and their families (authors). Available
From: Health Care for the Homeless Clinicians' Network, P.O. Box 60427, Nashville, TN 37206, (615) 226-2292, www.nhchc.org. |
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Order #: 10659 |
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Authors: |
Kinney,
P.L., Northridge, M.E., Chew, G. L., Gronning, E., Joseph, E., Correa,
J.C., Prakash, S., Goldstein, I.
|
|
Title: |
On the Front Lines: An
Environmental Asthma Intervention in New York City. |
|
Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health 92(1): 24-25, 2002. (Journal Article:
2 pages)
|
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Abstract: |
Asthma is now the leading
cause of school absence among children of color in impoverished urban
neighborhoods. Environmental
interventions have the potential to augment clinical approaches to asthma
management by directly reducing exposure to environmental triggers (e.g.,
cockroaches, rodents, and mold). We
implemented an apartment-based intervention to reduce exposures to indoor
allergens among children living with asthma in 2 areas in New York City with rates of asthma morbidity and mortality that
rank among the highest in the United States. Although
the intervention phase of the present study is not yet complete, timely
reporting of our field experiences may prove useful to other groups engaged
in environmental intervention trials in urban communities (authors). |
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Order #: 13231 |
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Authors: |
Weintreb,
L., Wehler, C., Perloff, J., Scott, R., Hosmer, D., Sagor, L., Gundersen,
C.
|
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Title: |
Hunger: Its Impact on Children's Health and Mental Health. |
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Source: |
Pediatrics 11(4): 1-9,
2002. (Journal Article: 9 pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This study examines the
independent contribution of child hunger on children's physical and mental
health and academic functioning, when controlling for a range of
environmental, maternal, and child factors that have also been associated
with poor outcomes among children.
The authors collected comprehensive demographic, psychosocial, and
health data in Worcester, MA, from homeless and low-income housed mothers
and their preschool and school-aged children, who were also part of a
larger unmatched case-control study of homelessness among female headed
households. The authors assert that
concerns over food insecurity for the entire family, adult hunger, and
child hunger were prevalent among mothers who are homeless (authors). |
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Order #: 12492 |
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Authors: |
Wood, P.,
Smith, L., Romero, D., Bradshaw, P., Wise, P., Chavkin, W.
|
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Title: |
Relationships Between
Welfare Status, Health Insurance Status, and Health and Medical Care Among
Children with Asthma. |
|
Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health 92(9): 1446-1452, 2002. (Journal
Article: 7 pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This study evaluated the
relationship between health insurance and welfare status and the health and
medical care of children with asthma.
Parents of children with asthma aged two to twelve years were
interviewed at six urban clinical sites and two welfare offices. The article states that children whose
families had applied for but were denied welfare had more asthma symptoms
than did children whose families had had no contact with the welfare
system. According to the authors,
poorer mental health in parents was associated with more asthma symptoms
and higher rates of health care use in their children. Parents of uninsured children identified
more barriers to health care than did parents whose children were
insured. The article concludes that
children whose families have applied for welfare and children who are
uninsured are at high risk medically and may require additional services to
improve health outcomes (authors). |
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Order #: 14113 |
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Authors: |
Berti,
L.C., Zylbert, S., Rolnitzky, L.
|
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Title: |
Comparison of Health
Status of Children Using a School-Based Health Center for Comprehensive Care. |
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Source: |
Journal of Pediatric
Health Care 15(5): 244-250, 2001. (Journal
Article: 6 Pages)
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Abstract: |
This article's objective
is to compare health problems and medical coverage of homeless and housed
children who used a school-based health center (SBHC) for comprehensive
care. Medical charts of homeless children and housed children seen for
comprehensive care at an SBHC in New York City during the 1998-99 school year
were systematically reviewed and compared. Controlled for ethnicity and
medical coverage, homeless children were 2.5 times as likely to have health
problems and 3 times as likely to have severe health problems as housed
children. The most common health problems identified in the homeless
population were asthma, vision, mental health, and acute problems. Lack of
medical coverage was evident in 58% of homeless children, compared with 15%
of housed children. Study findings identify homeless children as being at
increased risk for health problems and lack of medical coverage. These
findings support use of an SBHC for comprehensive care by underserved
segments of the population and a need for increased vigilance on the part
of health care providers caring for homeless children (authors). |
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Order #: 14114 |
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Authors: |
Huang,
C.Y., Menke, E.M.
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Title: |
School-Aged Homeless
Sheltered Children's Stressors and Coping Behaviors. |
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Source: |
Journal of Pediatric
Nursing 16(2): 102-109, 2001. (Journal
Article: 7 Pages)
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Abstract: |
The purpose of this study
was to examine the stressors and coping behaviors of school-aged homeless
children staying in shelters. A secondary analysis of interview data from
30 children, between the ages of 8 to 12 years, was used to delineate the
stressors and coping behaviors. Homeless, family, self, peer, school, and
violent behavior were the stressor categories derived from content
analysis. The children expressed more stresses in the homeless, family, and
self categories than in the other 3 categories. The coping behaviors from
the content analysis were categorized by using Ryan-Wenger's (1992) coping
taxonomy. The majority of the children's coping responses were in the
social support, cognitive avoidance, and behavioral distraction categories.
Nurses should assess each child's stressors and coping behaviors when
providing care to homeless children, and assist the child in alleviating
some stressors by strengthening one's coping behaviors (authors). |
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Order #: 14108 |
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Authors: |
Kelly, E.
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Title: |
Assessment of Dietary
Intake of Preschool Children Living in a Homeless Shelter. |
|
Source: |
Applied Nursing Research
14(3): 146-154, 2001. (Journal Article:
9 Pages)
|
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Abstract: |
This study was undertaken
by nursing students and faculty to learn more about what homeless preschool
children were fed and what they are at a family shelter in the Southwest.
Results from the study were shared with the entire shelter staff. Mothers
who participated in the study were given information on age-appropriate
food preparation and servings. This research reveals that important role
nurses can play in documenting and teaching both shelter staff and homeless
mothers more about children’s dietary needs and the long-term health
outcomes of a proper diet. |
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Order #: 9956 |
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Authors: |
Kenney,
G., Haley, J.
|
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Title: |
Why Aren't More
Uninsured Children Enrolled in Medicaid or SCHIP? |
|
Source: |
Washington, DC: The Urban
Institute, 2001. (Report: 7 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study from the Urban
Institute's Assessing the New Federalism project found that knowledge gaps
continue to be substantial barriers to enrollment in SCHIP and Medicaid.
The study used data from the 1999 National Survey of America's Families, a
nationally representative survey that over-samples the low-income
population and provides state-specific data on 13 states, to examine issues
surrounding Medicaid or SCHIP enrollment. The study found that knowledge
gaps constituted a primary barrier to enrollment for one-third of
low-income uninsured children, and that administrative hassles were a
primary barrier to enrollment for another 10 percent of low-income
uninsured children. However, 22 percent of low-income uninsured children
had parents who indicated that public health insurance coverage was not
wanted or needed, and another 18 percent who were uninsured at the time of
the survey had been enrolled in Medicaid/SCHIP at some point during the
past year. Available From: The Urban Institute, 2100 M Street, NW,
Washington, DC 20037, (877) 847-7377,
http://newfederalism.urban.org/html/series_b/b35/b35.html. |
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Order #: 14142 |
|
Authors: |
Margolis,
P.A., Stevens, R., Bordley, W.C., Stuart, J., Harlan, C., Keyes-Elstein,
L., Wisseh, S.
|
|
Title: |
From Concept to
Application: The Impact of a Community-Wide Intervention to Improve the
Delivery of Preventive Services to Children. |
|
Source: |
Pediatrics 108(3): 1-10,
2001. (Journal Article: 10 Pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study's objective was
to improve the processes of preventive services delivery to all children in
a defined geographic community, with particular attention to health
outcomes for low-income mothers and infants. The interventions involved
community-, practice-, and family-level strategies to improve processes of
care delivery to families and children.
A number of positive effects were observed at all 3 levels of
intervention. Policy-level changes at the state and community led to
lasting changes in the organization and financing of care, which enabled
changes in clinical services to take place. These changes have now been
expanded beyond this community to other communities in the state. The
authors were able to engage multiple practice organizations, reduce
duplication, and improve the coordination of care. Changes in the process
of preventive services delivery were noted in participating practices.
Finally, the outcomes of the family-level intervention were comparable in
direction and magnitude to the outcomes of previous randomized trials of
the intervention. All the changes were achieved over a relatively brief
3-year study period, and many have been sustained since the project was completed.
Tiered, interrelated interventions directed at an entire population of
mothers and children hold promise to improve the effectiveness and outcomes
of health care for families and children (authors). |
|
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Order #: 13269 |
|
Authors: |
National
Coalition for the Homeless.
|
|
Title: |
Homeless Families with
Children. |
|
Source: |
Washington, DC: National Coalition for the Homeless, 2001. (Fact Sheet: 6
pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This fact sheet focuses on
the devastating effects homelessness has on families, from physical and
emotional health, to education and development. The authors discuss the dimensions,
causes and consequences of family homelessness, and provide an overview of policy
issues and a list of resources for further study (authors). Available From:
National Coalition for the Homeless, 1012 Fourteenth Street, NW, #600,
Washington, DC 20005, (202) 737-6444, www.nationalhomeless.org. |
|
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Order #: 9951 |
|
Authors: |
Sharfstein,
J., Sandel, M., Kahn, R., Bauchner, H.
|
|
Title: |
Is Child Health at Risk
While Families Wait for Housing Vouchers? |
|
Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health 91(8): 1191-1192, 2001. (Journal
Article: 2 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In this study, the
families surveyed were due to receive Section 8 vouchers from the Boston
Housing Authority in the summer of 1999. The study directly assessed the
risks facing families poised to benefit from a policy intervention: the
Section 8 voucher. Families reported high rates of housing hazards in their
pre-Section 8 living conditions. The study concludes that policymakers
cannot ignore the growing evidence that housing policies have important
health consequences and suggests that expanding access to vouchers may
immediately improve the health of America's children.
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|
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Order #: 9038 |
|
Authors: |
Byck,
G.R.
|
|
Title: |
A Comparison of the
Socioeconomic and Health Status Characteristics of Uninsured, State
Children's Health Insurance Program-eligible Children in the United States
with Those of Other Groups of Insured Children: Implications for Policy. |
|
Source: |
Pediatrics 106(1 Pt 1):
14-21, 2000. (Journal Article: 7 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study’s objective was
to describe the sociodemographic and health
status characteristics of the national uninsured, State Children's Health
Insurance Program (SCHIP)-eligible population, and to compare this
population with Medicaid-enrolled children, privately insured children, and
privately insured children who have family income in the SCHIP eligibility
range. Data were analyzed for 50950
children 0 to 18 years of age included in the 1993 and 1994 National Health
Interview Surveys. The survey obtained
information on insurance coverage and sociodemographic
and health status measures. Bivariate analyses were conducted to identify the
relationships between SCHIP eligibility and sociodemographic
and health status characteristics.
Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the independent
association of the sociodemographic and health
status variables with the likelihood of being uninsured,
SCHIP-eligible. Results indicated
that SCHIP children exhibit markedly different socioeconomic and health status
characteristics than do both Medicaid- enrolled and privately insured
children, although these differences are less significant in privately
insured children. SCHIP children
more often live with college- educated and employed adults than do Medicaid-enrolled
children. However, SCHIP children
live with college-educated and employed adults less than do all privately
insured children and privately insured/same-income children. Parents of SCHIP-eligible children are
also disproportionately self-employed or employed in industries and
occupations in which health insurance coverage is less available or
affordable. SCHIP-eligible children
are also 2 times more likely to be adolescents and 1 1/2 times more likely
to be in excellent health than Medicaid-eligible children. Compared with privately insured children,
SCHIP-eligible children are nearly 3 times more likely to be Hispanic and
nearly 2 times more likely to be rated in fair or poor health. The results demonstrate that uninsured, SCHIP-eligible children are substantially
different from children in these groups, particularly compared with
Medicaid-enrolled children. These
differences need to be taken into account when setting policies and
implementing programs intended to increase health insurance coverage and
access to health care (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 9039 |
|
Authors: |
Corrarino,
J.E., Walsh, P.J., Boyle, M.L., Anselmo, D.
|
|
Title: |
The Cool Kids
Coalition. |
|
Source: |
American Journal of
Maternal Child Nursing 25(1): 10-16, 2000. (Journal
Article: 7 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The Cool Kids Coalition
was initiated as a community response to more than 214 hospitalizations of
children under the age of five for burns over a 6-year period in one
township in Long
Island, NY. The coalition was started by public health nurses
in partnership with the local chapter of the National Safe Kids Campaign.
Goals included: 1. parent education regarding scald burn prevention; 2.
development of innovative interventions for those at risk; and 3.
development of innovative community approaches to scald prevention.
Coalition members had diverse backgrounds and the coalition integrated
non-traditional partners in injury control. The coalition doubled in size
due to overwhelming community interest, growing within a few months from an
initial group of 15 to a well-represented group of 30. Innovative programs
were implemented that reached more than 3,000 parents, both in the
community and home. Teaching was conducted with parents in the target
population in Head Start centers, homeless shelters, the home, libraries,
child care centers, a shelter for teen parents, etc. Member agencies
incorporated the booklet and materials into their individual programs. The
development of the Cool Kids Coalition illustrates the power of nursing in
community health. |
|
|
Order #: 8821 |
|
Authors: |
Craft-Rosenbeg,
M., Powell, S.R., Culp, K.
|
|
Title: |
Health Status and
Resources of Rural Homeless Women and Children. |
|
Source: |
Western Journal of Nursing
Research 22(8): 863-878, 2000. (Journal
Article: 16 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The purpose of this
research is to describe the health status and health resources for women
and children who are homeless in a Midwestern rural community. A group of 31 rural homeless women in a
shelter participated in the study by answering questions on the Rural
Homeless Interview developed by the investigators. The findings revealed higher than
expected rates of illness, accidents, and adverse life events, with the
incidence of substance abuse and mental illness being comparable to data
from other homeless populations. The
data on children were omitted by lack of knowledge on the part of their
mothers. Some mothers reported that
their children were in foster care, had been adopted, or were being cared
of by others. The inability to
access health and dental care was reported by half of the participants
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 13917 |
|
Authors: |
Howell,
E., Roschwalb, S., Satake, M.
|
|
Title: |
State Children's Health
Insurance Program: Designing Benefits and Estimating Costs. |
|
Source: |
Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000. (Report: 100
pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This report examines how
the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) could be used to
cover services for low-income children and adolescents with mental health
and substance abuse (MH/SA) problems.
The authors develop estimates of the likely cost of mental health
benefits under SCHIP, and also discuss prevalence and utilization of
services (authors). Available From: Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, One Cherry Choke Road, Rockville, MD 20857, www.samhsa.gov. |
|
|
Order #: 9040 |
|
Authors: |
Mouradian,
W.E., Wehr, E., Crall, J.J.
|
|
Title: |
Disparities in
Children's Oral Health and Access to Dental Care. |
|
Source: |
Journal of American
Medical Associations 284(20): 2625-2631, 2000. (Journal Article: 7 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Dental caries can be
prevented by a combination of community, professional, and individual
measures including water fluoridation, professionally applied topical
fluorides and dental sealants, and use of fluoride toothpastes. Yet, tooth
decay is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Dental care is the
most prevalent unmet health need in US children with wide disparities
existing in oral health and access to care. Only 1 in 5 children covered by
Medicaid received preventive oral care for which they are eligible.
Children from low income and minority families have poorer oral health
outcomes, fewer dental visits, and fewer protective sealants. Water
fluoridation is the most effective measure in preventing caries, but only
62% of water supplies are fluoridated, and lack of fluoridation may
disproportionately affect poor and minority children. Childhood oral
disease has significant medical and financial consequences that may not be
appreciated because of the separation of medicine and dentistry. The
infectious nature of dental caries, its early onset, and the potential of
early interventions require an emphasis on preventive oral care in primary
pediatric care to complement existing dental services. However, many
pediatricians lack critical knowledge to promote oral health. We recommend
financial incentives for prioritizing Medicaid Early and Periodic
Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment dental services; managed care
accountability; integration of medical and dental professional training,
clinical care, and research; and national leadership. |
|
|
Order #: 9041 |
|
Authors: |
Partington,
S., Nitzke, S., Csete, J.
|
|
Title: |
The Prevalence of
Anemia in a WIC Population: A Comparison by Homeless Experience. |
|
Source: |
Journal of American
Dietary Association 100(4): 469-471, 2000. (Journal
Article: 3 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
|
|
|
Order #: 8807 |
|
Authors: |
Stein,
J.A., Lu, M.C., Gelberg, L.
|
|
Title: |
Severity of
Homelessness and Adverse Birth Outcomes. |
|
Source: |
Health Psychology 19(6):
524-534, 2000. (Journal Article: 11 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Predictors and the
prevalence of adverse birth outcomes among 237 homeless women interviewed
at 78 shelters and meal programs in Los Angeles in 1997 were assessed. It was hypothesized that they would
report worse outcomes than national norms, that
African Americans would report the worst outcomes because of their greater
risk in the general population, and that homelessness severity would
independently predict poorer outcomes beyond its association with other
adverse conditions. Other predictors
included reproductive history, behavioral and health-related variables,
psychological trauma and distress, ethnicity, and income. African Americans and Hispanics reported
worse outcomes than normal. Severity
of homelessness significantly predicted low birth weight and preterm births
beyond its relation ship with prenatal care and other risk factors
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 9042 |
|
Authors: |
Willis,
E.
|
|
Title: |
School-based/School-linked
Health Centers Expanding Points of Access. |
|
Source: |
Wisconsin Medical Journal 99(1): 44-7, 2000. (Journal Article: 4 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Health providers and
leaders in urban Milwaukee collectively acted to expand school-based health
services to children attending Milwaukee Public Schools (MPS). This School-Based/School-Linked
Health Centers' (SB/SLHCs) Collaboration was
initiated to increase points of access for children, primarily to
working-poor families, through mobilizing community resources among local
leaders and statewide health systems. Systematic steps such as needs
assessment, sharing data, seeking funds and prioritization of school-based
sites facilitated the establishment of more than 30 additional SB/SLHCs. This has resulted in approximate 700% increase
in school-based health care and health promotion services. This
collaboration illustrates how communities and health care systems can
effectively advocate and impact local services to benefit a population
having high social risk factors. As welfare reform efforts evolve, SB/SLHCs have significantly advanced access to mainstream
health services through effective local collaborations. |
|
|
Order #: 9007 |
|
Authors: |
Better
Homes Fund.
|
|
Title: |
Homeless Children: America's New Outcasts. |
|
Source: |
Newton, MA: The Better Homes Fund, 1999. (Report: 54
pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
With words, statistics,
and photographs, this report offers a vivid account of the daily struggles
of children who are homeless and their families. Stark contrasts are
offered between the average American child and examples of some of the one
million plus American children who are homeless. This report is presented in a compact
manner to gain the attention of policymakers and the media who too often
seem inured to the plight of hundreds of thousands of families who have
fallen over the edge of extreme poverty and into homelessness. Along with the facts, solutions are
offered, such as concrete steps to secure food, shelter, health care, and
schooling to help children and families who are homeless survive from one
day to the next. Longer-term steps
are also offered to address the underlying causes of homelessness, such as
lack of affordable housing, limited economic opportunity, and the malignant
cycle of poverty and violence (authors). Available From: National Center on
Family Homelessness, 181 Wells Avenue, Newton Centre, MA 02159 (617)
964-3834, www.familyhomelessness.org. |
|
|
Order #: 8002 |
|
Authors: |
Buckner, J.C., Bassuk, E.L., Weinreb, L.F.,
Brooks, M.G.
|
|
Title: |
Homelessness and Its
Relation to the Mental Health and Behavior of Low-Income School-Age
Children. |
|
Source: |
Developmental Psychology
35(1): 246-257, 1999. (Journal Article:
12 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article examined the
relationship between housing status and depression, anxiety, and problem
behaviors among children age six and older who were members of low-income,
single-parent, female-headed families.
Participants were 80 homeless and 148 never homeless children living
in Worcester, MA. Children
in both groups had recently been exposed to various severe stressors. Mother reported problems behaviors were
above normative for both homeless and poor housed youths but self-reported
depression and anxiety were not.
Housing status was associated with internalizing problem behaviors
but not with externalizing behaviors.
Among homeless youths, internalizing behavior problems showed a
positive but curvilinear relationship with number of weeks having lived in
a shelter. Housing status was not
associated with self-reported depression and anxiety. The findings are discussed in terms of
their implications for programmatic intervention and in light of recent
welfare reform (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 8950 |
|
Authors: |
San
Agustin, M., Cohen, P., Rubin, D., Cleary, S.D., Erickson, C.J., Allen,
J.K.
|
|
Title: |
The Montefiore
Community Children's Project: a Controlled Study of Cognitive and Emotional
Problems of Homeless Mothers and Children. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Urban Health
76(1): 39-50, 1999. (Journal Article:
12 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study compares the
prevalence of emotional, academic, and cognitive impairment in children and
mothers living in the community with those living in shelters for the
homeless. In New York City, 82
homeless mothers and their 102 children, aged 6 to 11, recruited from
family shelters were compared to 115 nonhomeless
mothers with 176 children recruited from classmates of the homeless
children. Assessments included standardized tests and interviews. Mothers in shelters for the homeless
showed higher rates of depression and anxiety than did nonhomeless
mothers. Boys in homeless shelters showed higher rates of serious emotional
and behavioral problems. Both boys and girls in homeless shelters showed
more academic problems than did nonhomeless
children. Study findings suggest a need among homeless children for special
attention to academic problems that are not attributable to intellectual
deficits in either children or their mothers. Although high rates of
emotional and behavioral problems characterized poor children living in
both settings, boys in shelters for the homeless may be particularly in
need of professional attention. |
|
|
Order #: 7977 |
|
Authors: |
Zima,
B.T., Bussing, R., Bystritsky, M., Widawski, M.H., Belin, T.R., Benjamin,
B.
|
|
Title: |
Psychosocial Stressors
Among Sheltered Homeless Children: Relationship to Behavior Problems and
Depressive Symptoms. |
|
Source: |
American Journal of
Orthopsychiatry 69(1): 127-133, 1999. (Journal
Article: 7 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This
article assess the level of
exposure to severe psychological stressors among homeless children in
emergency family shelters in Los Angeles County. The relationship between such exposure
and child mental health problems was then investigated, along with the
effects of adult family social support.
Results showed that almost one-half of the children studied had been
exposed to violence, and being a victim of violence was independently
related to child behavior problems.
Evidence was weak that social support from within the family
moderated the impact of severe stressors on mental health problems. The authors discuss the implications of
the findings. |
|
|
Order #: 7528 |
|
Authors: |
Black,
M.M., Krishnakumar, A.
|
|
Title: |
Children in Low-Income,
Urban Settings: Interventions to Promote Mental Health and Well-Being. |
|
Source: |
American Psychologist
53(6): 635-646, 1998. (Journal Article:
12 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article is a review
of literature on mental health interventions for children in low-income,
urban settings. While the urban
environment provides unique political, cultural, economic, and educational
opportunities for children and families, it may also have a negative impact
on the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. This is particularly true when they are
exposed to settings with high rates of crime, violence, delinquency,
substance use, abuse, and poverty.
Psychologists are well suited to intervene in problems in these
areas, but most psychological services have been directed to children who
are experiencing problems. There has
been less focus on population-based or preemptive interventions. This review presents 11 recommendations
for urban interventions that build on individual, family, and community
strengths to promote the mental health and well-being of urban children and
adolescents. |
|
|
Order #: 7906 |
|
Authors: |
Bureau of
Primary Health Care.
|
|
Title: |
Health Care Access for
Homeless Children. |
|
Source: |
Bethesda, MD: Bureau of
Primary Health Care, 1998. (Fact Sheet:
2 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This fact sheet provides
information surrounding: the health care needs of homeless children,
homeless children's access to health care; and what works to get and keep
homeless children in health care, including expanding community-based
health care and eliminating barriers to care. Available From: Office of
Communications, HRSA, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 14-45 Rockville, MD 20857,
(301) 443-2865, www.newsroom.hrsa.gov. |
|
|
Order #: 8951 |
|
Authors: |
Conrad,
B.S.
|
|
Title: |
Maternal Depressive
Symptoms and Homeless Children's Mental Health: Risk and Resiliency. |
|
Source: |
Archives of Psychiatric
Nursing 12(1): 50-58, 1998. (Journal Article:
9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study examined the
relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and child mental health
in a sample of homeless mothers and their preschool children. Thirty homeless mothers with at least one
preschool child who were residing in a shelter were surveyed. The rate of depressive symptoms in the
mothers, as determined by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression
Scale, was extremely high. However,
70% of the children in this sample had no behavior problems, a rate
consistent with homeless children, but low when compared to the general
population. The author states that
the data suggests mental health services for homeless mothers and their
young children are needed. The
author also concludes that the adaptation of these young children reflects
resiliency to extraordinary stressors and provides a unique opportunity to
understand child resiliency. |
|
|
Order #: 14336 |
|
Authors: |
Cumella,
S., Grattan, E., Vostanis, P.
|
|
Title: |
The Mental Health of
Children in Homeless Families and Their Contact With Health, Education and
Social Services. |
|
Source: |
Health and Social Care in
the Community 6(5): 331-341, 1998. (Journal
Article: 11 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study reports the
initial stage of a longitudinal research program to measure the prevalence
of psychiatric disorders among parents and children in homeless
families. A sample of parents in 113
homeless families were interviewed within two weeks of admission to seven
homeless centers in the city of Birmingham, and compared with a sample of
29 low-income families who were not homeless. Both sets of interviews used the Child
Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Communication Domain of the Vineland
Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI),
and height and weight percentiles. A
sub-sample of children was also interviewed. The results indicate that 85% of families
became homeless because of domestic or neighborhood violence, that in 54%
of families homelessness coincided with the
separation of the partners, and that 49% of mothers had current psychiatric
morbidity. Children in homeless
families had delayed communication and higher mean scores for mental health
problems than the comparison sample.
Homeless children were also more likely to have had histories of
abuse, and less likely to have attended school or nursery school since
becoming homeless. Homeless families
had high rates of contact with specialist child and adolescent mental
health services. These results
indicate a need for a coordinated action by housing, social services,
education, health services, and the police to prevent families from
becoming homeless by protecting victims of domestic and neighborhood
violence from further violence and intimidation. Hence the need to rapidly re-house into
permanent accommodations those who do become homeless to maintain education
for their children, and to ensure that such families have access to
effective social support and healthcare (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 7725 |
|
Authors: |
Garcia
Coll, C., Buckner, J.C., Brooks, M.G., Weinreb, L.F., Bassuk, E.L.
|
|
Title: |
The Developmental
Status and Adaptive Behavior of Homeless and Low-Income Housed Infants and
Toddlers. |
|
Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health 88(9): 1371-1374, 1998. (Journal
Article: 4 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article describes the
developmental status of 127 homeless and 91 low-income housed infants and
toddlers. The results showed no
differences between homeless and low-income housed children. However, younger children in both groups
performed better than the older children on most summary scores. The findings suggest that the cumulative
effects of poverty may increase with time (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 8952 |
|
Authors: |
Menke,
E.M.
|
|
Title: |
The Mental Health of
Homeless School-age Children. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses 11(3): 87-98, 1998. (Journal Article: 12 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study observed the
mental health of homeless school-age children. A convenience sample of 46 homeless
children between the ages of 8 and 12 years completed the Children's
Depression Inventory (CDI) and each child's mother completed the Child Behavior
Checklist (CBCL). 57% of the children
had depressive symptoms and 26% needed additional evaluation for mental
health problems. Overall, the scores indicated that gender or ethnicity are not related to the children's mental
health. The mental health of
homeless children should be assessed, as they may be at risk for mental
health problems. |
|
|
Order #: 8953 |
|
Authors: |
Menke,
E.M., Wagner, J.D.
|
|
Title: |
A Comparative Study of
Homeless, Previously Homeless, and Never Homeless School-Aged Children's
Health. |
|
Source: |
Issues in Comprehensive
Pediatric Nursing 20(3): 153-173,1998. (Journal Article: 21 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The purpose of this study
was to compare the mental health, physical health, and healthcare practices
of homeless, previously homeless, and never homeless poor school-aged
children. The study sample was 134 children ranging in age from 8 to 12
years. The children participated in health assessments and completed two
psychometric tests: the Children's Depression Inventory and the Revised
Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Their mothers completed the Child
Behavior Problem Checklist and participated in an interview. The homeless,
previously homeless, and never homeless children were similar in regard to
their health assessment findings, reported health problems, healthcare
practices, and CBCL scores. The proportions of homeless and previously
homeless children with CDI scores in the clinical range were significantly
greater than the never homeless poor children. The homeless children had
significantly higher anxiety scores than the previously homeless and never
homeless children. All groups of children were at risk for physical and
mental health problems. The findings suggest that school-aged children who
experience homelessness may be at greater risk for depression and anxiety
than never homeless poor children. |
|
|
Order #: 7751 |
|
Authors: |
Moss,
N.E., Carver K.
|
|
Title: |
The Effect of WIC and
Medicaid on Infant Mortality in the United States. |
|
Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health, 88(9): 1354-61, 1998. (Journal
Article: 8 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study examined the
impact of participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for
Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and Medicaid on risk of infant death in
the United States. The 1998 National
Maternal and Infant Health Survey was used to
consider the risk of endogenous and exogenous deaths among infants of women
participating in WIC and Medicaid during pregnancy and the infant's first
year. Participation in the WIC
program during pregnancy and infancy was associated with a reduced risk of
endogenous and exogenous infant deaths.
The risk of endogenous death among infants whose mothers
participated in Medicaid during pregnancy was equal to that of the
privately insured. Uninsured infants
faced higher risks of endogenous death.
These results show that it is important to consider the net effect
of WIC and Medicaid participation and to differentiate both the timing of
program receipt and cause of death.
Evidence suggests that WIC and Medicaid programs have beneficial
effects for poor women and their infants (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 8959 |
|
Authors: |
Simms,
M.D.
|
|
Title: |
Medical Care of
Children Who are Homeless or in Foster Care. |
|
Source: |
Current Opinion in
Pediatrics 10(5): 486-490, 1998. (Journal
Article: 5 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The number of children who
are homeless or in foster care has risen dramatically during the past two
decades. Poverty, substance abuse, lack of education and employment, and
the failure of the social "safety net" to catch all those in need
of support and financial assistance are root causes of this increase. The
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996,
popularly know as the "welfare reform" act, will likely have a
powerful impact on levels of child poverty in the future and place even
greater numbers of children at risk for becoming homeless or entering
foster care over the next decade. Recent studies provide increased
understanding of the health care and educational needs of children who are
homeless or in foster care. |
|
|
Order #: 7802 |
|
Authors: |
Tenner,
A.D., Trevithick, L.A., Wagner, V., Burch, R.
|
|
Title: |
Seattle Youth Care's Prevention, Intervention, and
Education Program: A Model of Care for HIV-Positive, Homeless, and At-Risk
Youth. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Adolescent
Health 23(2S): 96-106, 1998. (Journal
Article: 11 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Youth Care's project for
homeless and runaway youth who are HIV-positive or at high risk for
becoming HIV-positive is one of 10 supported by the Special Projects of
National Significance. The five
major elements of the model include: youth-specific HIV antibody test
counseling; outreach;
intensive case management for HIV-positive youth; prevention
services for youth at high risk for HIV infection; and peer
involvement. Quantitative evaluation
aided in identifying youth served by the project and the sites at which
services should be provided.
Preliminary results from qualitative evaluations have stressed the
importance of teamwork in designing clinical interventions and providing
support to direct-service staff.
This article's conclusion stresses that case management for this
population, even though time and resource intensive, is
effective, and that services need to be flexible and tailored to each
client's needs. |
|
|
Order #: 8122 |
|
Authors: |
Vostanis,
P., Grattan, E., Cumella, S.
|
|
Title: |
Mental Health Problems
of Homeless Children and Families: Longitudinal Study. |
|
Source: |
British Medical Journal
316(7135): 899-902, 1998. (Journal Article:
4 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article examines the
mental health needs of homeless children and families before and after rehousing using a longitudinal study. A cross sectional, longitudinal study of
58 rehoused families with 103 children and 21
comparison families with 54 children of low socioeconomic status in stable
housing was conducted in Birmingham, England. Results indicated that mental health
problems remained significantly higher in rehoused
mothers and their children than in the comparison group. Homeless mothers continued to have
significantly less social support at follow up. Mothers with a history of abuse and poor
social integration were more likely to have children with persistent mental
health problems. The authors
conclude that local strategies for rapid rehousing
into permanent accommodation, effective social support and health care for
parents and children, and protection from violence and intimidation should
be developed and implemented. |
|
|
Order #: 8322 |
|
Authors: |
Weinreb,
L., Goldberg, R., Bassuk, E., Perloff, J.N.
|
|
Title: |
Determinants of Health
and Service Use Patterns in Homeless and Low-Income Housed Children. |
|
Source: |
American Academy of
Pediatrics 102(3): 554-562, 1998. (Journal
Article: 9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article examines the
relationship of homelessness and other determinants to health status and
service use patterns in 627 homeless and low-income housed children. The article is based on a case-control
study of 293 homeless and 334 low-income housed children aged 3 months to
17 years and their mothers conducted in Worcester, MA. Information was also collected about
mothers' housing, history, income, education, emotional distress, and
victimization history. The authors
found that mothers of homeless children were more likely to report their
children as being in fair or poor health compared with their housed
counterparts. Homeless children were
reported to experience a higher number of acute illness symptoms, including
fever, ear infection, diarrhea, and asthma.
Emergency department and outpatient medical visits were higher among
the homeless group. Mothers'
emotional distress was independently associated with acute illness symptoms
and frequent use of outpatient and emergency department settings. Available
From: National Center on Family Homelessness, 181 Wells Avenue, Newton
Centre, MA 02159, (617) 964-3834, www.familyhomelessness.org. |
|
|
Order #: 7448 |
|
Authors: |
Zima,
B.T., Forness, S.R., Bussing, R., Benjamin, B.
|
|
Title: |
Homeless Children in
Emergency Shelters: Need for Prereferral
Intervention and Potential Eligibility for Special Education. |
|
Source: |
Behavioral Disorders
23(2): 98-110, 1998. (Journal Article:
13 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article examines a
study whose purpose was to describe the level of need for special education
services for probable behavioral disorders, learning disabilities, and
mental retardation among school-age homeless children living in
shelters. From a county-wide sample
of 18 emergency homeless shelters in Los Angeles, 118 homeless parents were interviewed, and 169
children were tested for behavioral disorders, learning disabilities, and
mental retardation using standardized screening instruments. Forty-six percent of homeless children
screened positive for at least one disability requiring special education
services, with behavioral disorders being the most prominent. The authors state that procedures to
identify early need for special education services should be adapted to
accommodate the transiency of school-age children
living in homeless shelters. |
|
|
Order #: 7724 |
|
Authors: |
Zlotnik, C., Kronstadt, D., Klee, L.
|
|
Title: |
Foster Care Children
and Family Homelessness. |
|
Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health 88(9): 1368-1370, 1998. (Journal
Article: 3 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article examines the
association between family homelessness and children's placement in foster
care. The prevalence of homelessness
in a random sample of 195 young foster children was examined. Almost half of the birth parents of the
foster children had experienced homelessness. Those children were more likely than
other foster children to have siblings in foster care and to be placed with
nonrelatives.
An extremely high prevalence of family homelessness was found among
children in foster care. Policy
implications of the association between family homelessness and placement
into foster care are discussed (authors).
|
|
|
Order #: 6729 |
|
Authors: |
Ali, S., Osberg, J.S.
|
|
Title: |
Differences in
Follow-up Visits Between African American and White Medicaid Children
Hospitalized with Asthma. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Health Care for
the Underserved, 8(1): 83-99, 1997. (Journal
Article: 16 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Asthma-related
hospitalizations and mortality have risen at alarming rates in the past two
decades, taking a disproportionate toll on African American children.
Adverse asthma outcomes have been attributed to inadequacies in primary
care, raising concerns about the quality of primary care delivered to
African American children. To assess differences in care between African
American and white children, the authors identified 500 children enrolled
in Massachusetts Medicaid and hospitalized for asthma, and reviewed their
medical claims data for the six-month period of hospitalization. It was
found that African American children had significantly fewer primary care
visits than their white counterparts, even after adjusting for potential
confounding variables. In contrast, emergency service utilization did not
differ by race. The authors conclude that racial disparity exists in
primary care access among children with asthma. Interventions should be
designed to target poor African American children who suffer
disproportionately from this life-threatening yet treatable disease. |
|
|
Order #: 6409 |
|
Authors: |
Bassuk,
E.L., Buckner, J.C., Weinreb, L.F., Browne, A., Bassuk, S.S., Dawson, R., Perloff, J.N.
|
|
Title: |
Homelessness in
Female-Headed Families: Childhood and Adult Risk and Protective Factors. |
|
Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health 87(2): 241-248, 1997. (Journal
Article: 8 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The authors identify risk
and protective factors for family homelessness, in a case-control study of
homeless and low-income, never homeless families, all female-headed. Homeless mothers were enrolled from
family shelters in Worcester, MA. Low-income housed mothers receiving welfare
formed the comparison group. The
women completed an interview covering socioeconomic, social support,
victimization, mental health, substance use, and health domains. Childhood predictors of family
homelessness included foster care placement and the respondent's mother's
use of drugs. Independent risk
factors in adulthood included minority status, recent move to Worchester,
recent eviction, interpersonal conflict, frequent alcohol or heroin use,
and recent hospitalization for a mental health problem. Protective factors included being a
primary tenant, receiving cash assistance or a housing subsidy, graduating
from high school, and having a larger social network. The authors conclude that factors that
compromise an individual's economic and social resources are associated
with greater risk of losing one's home (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 9047 |
|
Authors: |
Beechinor,
L., Matsushima, K.
|
|
Title: |
The Nurse Practitioner
and Homeless Adolescents in Waikiki. |
|
Source: |
Nurse Practioners
Forum 8(1): 28-31, 1997. (Journal Article:
4 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Staffed by those with
advanced skills and training, the nurse practitioner-based clinic is in a
unique position to offer the street youth primary health care designed to
meet their basic needs. Within the setting of a "drop-in" program
in Waikiki, free and confidential medical, educational, and social services
are offered to homeless adolescents bound to survival on the streets. |
|
|
Order #: 7248 |
|
Authors: |
Brooks-Dunn,
J., Duncan, G.J.
|
|
Title: |
The Effects of Poverty
on Children. |
|
Source: |
The Future of Children
7(2): 55-71, 1997. (Journal Article: 17 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article focuses on a
recent set of studies that explore the relationship between poverty and
child outcomes in detail, including the effects of timing, depth, and
duration of poverty. Included in
this set of studies are results from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics,
the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), Children of the NLSY, the
National Survey of Families and Households, the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey, and the Infant Health and Development
Program. The authors conclude that
although more research is needed on the significance of the timing of
poverty on child outcomes, findings to date suggest that interventions
during early childhood may be most important in reducing poverty's impact
on children (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 6922 |
|
Authors: |
Buckner,
J.C., Bassuk, E.L.
|
|
Title: |
Mental Disorders and
Service Utilization Among Youths from Homeless and Low-Income Housed
Families. |
|
Source: |
Journal of the American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36(7): 890-900, 1997. (Journal Article: 11 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article describes a
comprehensive study of homeless and housed families in Worcester, MA, that assessed the
mental health of homeless and poor housed youths, and examined their mental
health service use. Data were
collected on 41 homeless and 53 poor housed (never homeless) youths aged
nine to 17, using both the parent and youth versions of the National
Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Results indicated that this sample of
homeless and housed youths was found to have high rates of current mental
disorders. Use of mental health
services by children with mental health needs was low, particularly for
youths with poor overall functioning.
The authors conclude these findings to suggest that some youths living in poverty may
have unrecognized but significant untreated mental health needs (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 7218 |
|
Authors: |
Butler,
S.S.
|
|
Title: |
Homelessness Among AFDC
Families in a Rural State: It Is Bound to Get Worse. |
|
Source: |
AFFILIA: Journal of Women
and Social Work 12(4): 427-451, 1997. (Journal
Article: 25 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Drawing on a sample of 929
recipients of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in Maine, this
article examines the differences between families who had and had not
experienced homelessness. Results
indicated that about 15% of those receiving AFDC had been homeless in the
past five years. The findings
revealed few other differences, however, between the ever-homeless and
never-homeless groups. The author
argues that if a significant proportion of the AFDC population has recently
been, or is at risk for being, homeless, then the current welfare reforms
and elimination of AFDC will only increase the number of homeless families. |
|
|
Order #: 9048 |
|
Authors: |
Canino,
I.A., Spurlock, J.
|
|
Title: |
Mental Health Issues of
Culturally Diverse Underserved Children. |
|
Source: |
Journal of the Association
of Academic Minority Physicians 8(4): 63-66, 1997. (Journal Article: 4 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article addresses the
clinical issues relevant to mental health workers when evaluating children
of diverse cultures who live in conditions of persistent poverty. We
suggest a model that considers the social as well as the biologic risk
factors affecting these children and that includes the importance of
culture on symptom expression and health-seeking behavior. The discussion
includes specific assessment approaches sensitive to the context in which
these children develop and the psychiatric diagnostic entities and
treatment approaches thought to be particularly relevant to these children. |
|
|
Order #: 7250 |
|
Authors: |
Devaney,
B.L., Ellwood, M.R., Love, J.M.
|
|
Title: |
Programs that Mitigate
the Effects of Poverty on Children. |
|
Source: |
The Future of Children
7(2): 88-112, 1997. (Journal Article:
25 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article reviews six
federally funded public assistance programs that are intended to mitigate
the effects of poverty on low-income children by providing access to basic
human necessities such as food, housing, education, and health care. Programs discussed include food stamps;
the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children;
school nutrition programs; Medicaid; housing assistance programs; and Head
Start. The authors state that the
evidence suggests that, while each program can be improved, these programs
do achieve their general objectives.
The authors also state that important gaps remain in the
understanding of the effects of these programs on the well-being of
children. They conclude that more
study is needed, particularly concerning a program's effect over time on
health and development (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 9049 |
|
Authors: |
Ensign,
J., Santelli, J.
|
|
Title: |
Shelter-based Homeless
Youth. Health and Access to Care. |
|
Source: |
Archive of Pediatric
Adolescent Medicine 151(8): 817-823, 1997. (Journal
Article: 7 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
To compare the
self-reported risk-taking behaviors, health status, and access to care
issues of two samples of shelter-based homeless youth who had previously
been street youth and systems youth (youth involved in foster care) and to
examine information on the etiology of homelessness, including parent or
family of origin risk factors for both samples. The study population
consisted of 109 shelter-based homeless youth: 41 street youth and 68
systems youth. A chart audit was completed on all youth, noting
documentation of past health problems, reasons for shelter placement, and
parental risk factors. Adolescents from both samples completed a health
history questionnaire followed by a physical examination. The street youth
exhibited greater risk-taking behaviors and suffered from poorer health
status and access to care than did systems youth. The main differences were
in substance using and high-risk sexual behaviors. The street youth were
more likely to report previous exposure to violence and having been victims
of forced sex. Self-reported risk behaviors, including sexual activity and
substance abuse were corroborated by more objective information on these items
from medical record information. The street youth were more likely to be
medically uninsured, to have used an emergency department in the past year,
and to have used an emergency department for their last care. There are important variations in health
needs between samples of homeless youth, often overlooked in health
planning for this population. Knowledge of parent or family of origin risk
factors and causes of homelessness provides important contextual
information for understanding the risk behaviors and health states of
homeless youth. |
|
|
Order #: 7593 |
|
Authors: |
National
Center for Children in Poverty.
|
|
Title: |
Poverty and Brain
Development in Early Childhood. |
|
Source: |
New York, NY: National
Center for Children in Poverty, Columbia School of Public Health, 1997. (Information Packet: 3 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
Recent advances in the
study of brain development show a sensitive period when the brain is most
able to respond to and grow from exposure to environmental situation. This window is from the prenatal period
to the first years of a child's life.
While all children are potentially vulnerable to a number of risk
factors which can impede brain development during this period, a
disproportionate number of children in poverty are actually exposed to such
risks. This risks
can include inadequate nutrition, substance abuse, maternal depression,
exposure to environmental toxins, trauma/abuse, and the quality of daily
care (author). |
|
|
Order #: 9051 |
|
Authors: |
Rorie,
J.A., Richardson, K.A., Gardner, R.
|
|
Title: |
Public Health
Approaches to Community-based Needs. Boston's Infant Mortality Crisis as a
Case Study. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Nurse-Midwifery
42(6): 527-535, 1997. (Journal Article:
9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
In light of a 10-year
infant mortality crisis in Boston, a comprehensive public health approach
was undertaken in which an extensive community-based needs assessment was
used to develop a citywide maternal and child health improvement agenda. On
the basis of the needs assessment, recommendations were made calling for
community-based perinatal initiatives and
midwifery services as critical elements in care for underserved communities
and enhancement of perinatal services. A case
description of one perinatal initiative
illustrates the challenges of public health practice and describes a
practice setting in which midwives provided leadership and guidance by
using an interdisciplinary team approach in the implementation of a
community empowerment project. |
|
|
Order #: 6472 |
|
Authors: |
Soderstrom,
E., Long, T., Sherman, J.
|
|
Title: |
MOVES: Incorporating
Developmental Services on a Pediatric Mobile Health Care Clinic. |
|
Source: |
Infants and Young
Children, 9(3): 78-86, 1997. (Journal
Article: 9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The Mobile Van Evaluation
and Screening (MoVES) program was established in
1994 to provide developmental screening and evaluation services to the
children receiving primary pediatric medical care from the Georgetown
University Pediatric Mobile Clinic. The program grew rapidly and presently
consists of an array of developmental services in addition to evaluation
and screening. The purpose of this article is to describe the developmental
services that have been established as part of a pediatric mobile health
care clinic. A descriptive analysis of the children seen during the first year
of the program will also be provided.
|
|
|
Order #: 6742 |
|
Authors: |
Stein, R.
|
|
Title: |
Health Care for
Children: What's Right, What's Wrong, What's Next. |
|
Source: |
New York, NY: United
Hospital Fund, 1997. (Book: 401 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
With contributions from
leading experts in the fields of pediatrics, public health, and health
policy, this book lays out the components of a rationalized system of care
for children, one that would provide better and more consistent access to
care for all of them. It
offers a range of options, including descriptions of
innovative approaches and model programs, providing a practical resource
for legislators, health care professionals, and advocates. An argument is
made for a uniform standard of care for all children, as well as sustained
investment in public health and pediatric research and education. |
|
|
Order #: 6992 |
|
Authors: |
Stroul,
B.A., Pires, S.A., Roebuck, L., Friedman, R.M., Barrett, B., Chambers,
K.L., Kershaw, M.A.
|
|
Title: |
State Health Care
Reforms: How They Affect Children and Adolescents With Emotional Disorders
and Their Families. |
|
Source: |
The Journal of Mental
Health Administration 24(4): 386-399, 1997. (Journal Article: 14 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article reports on
the Health Care Reform Tracking Project, a national study designed to
describe and analyze state health care reforms and their impact on children
and adolescents with emotional disorders and their families. The authors summarize the results of the baseline survey
of states conducted in 1995, exploring the nature and extent of the reforms
in which states are engaged, most of which involve applying managed care
technologies to their Medicaid programs.
Trends across states are identified with respect to mental health
service delivery, particularly with respect to children and
adolescents. The authors conclude
with a discussion of issues and concerns related not only to mental health
service delivery for children and adolescents with emotional disorders and
their families, but also to the systems of care that have been developing
over the past decade to serve them (authors). |
|
|
Order #: 6919 |
|
Authors: |
Vostanis,
P., Grattan, E., Cumella, S., Winchester, C.
|
|
Title: |
Psychosocial
Functioning of Homeless Children. |
|
Source: |
Journal of the American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36(7): 881-889, 1997. (Journal Article: 9 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The objective of this
study was to investigate the psychosocial characteristics of homeless
children and their parents. Homeless
families were assessed within two weeks of admission to seven hostels and
were compared with a group of housed families matched for socioeconomic
status. Homeless families primarily
consisted of single mothers and an average of two children, who had become
homeless because of domestic violence or violence from neighbors. Findings concluded that homeless mothers
and children have high rates of psychosocial morbidity, which are related
to multiple risk factors and chronic adversities. Their complex needs should be best met by
specialized and coordinated health, social, and educational services
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 6408 |
|
Authors: |
Zima,
B.T., Bussing, R., Forness, S.R., Benjamin, B.
|
|
Title: |
Sheltered Homeless
Children: Their Eligibility and Unmet Need for Special Education
Evaluations. |
|
Source: |
American Journal of Public
Health 87(2): 236-248, 1997. (Journal
Article: 13 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study explored the
proportion of sheltered homeless children in Los Angeles who were eligible
for special education evaluations because of a probable behavioral
disorder, learning disability, or mental retardation and had unmet needs
for special education services.
Results show almost half of the children met criteria for a special
education evaluation, yet less than one quarter had ever received special
education testing or placement. The
main point of contact for children with behavioral disorders and learning
problems was the general health care sector. The authors explain that school-aged
sheltered homeless children have a high level of unmet need for special
education evaluations, the first step toward accessing special education
programs. The authors contend
interventions for homeless children should include integration of services
across special education, general health care, and housing service sectors
(authors). |
|
|
Order #: 8954 |
|
Authors: |
|
|
Title: |
Health Needs of
Homeless Children and Families. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee
on Community Health Services. |
|
Source: |
Pediatrics 98(4 Pt 1):
789-791, 1996. (Journal Article: 3 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
The intent of this
statement is to substantiate the existence of homelessness in virtually
every community, illustrate the pervasive health and psychosocial problems
facing children who are homeless, and encourage practitioners to include
homeless children in health care delivery practices, social services, and
advocacy efforts. The recommendations guide practitioners in taking actions
to diminish the severe negative impact that living in temporary shelters
has on the health and well-being of children. The American Academy of
Pediatrics reaffirms its stance that homeless children need permanent
dwellings in order to thrive. |
|
|
Order #: 7018 |
|
Authors: |
Committee
on Community Health Services.
|
|
Title: |
Health Needs of
Homeless Children and Families. |
|
Source: |
Pediatrics 98(4): 789-791,
1996. (Journal Article: 3 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This article attempts to
substantiate the existence of homelessness in virtually every community,
illustrate the pervasive health and psychosocial problems facing the
growing population of children who are homeless, and encourage
practitioners to include homeless children in their health care delivery
practices, social services, and advocacy efforts. The recommendations will guide
practitioners in taking actions to diminish the severe negative impact that
living in temporary shelters has on the health and well-being of developing
children. In this statement the
American Academy of Pediatrics reaffirms its stance that homeless children
need permanent dwellings in order to thrive. |
|
|
Order #: 9054 |
|
Authors: |
Joseph,
C.L., Foxman, B., Leickly, F.E., Peterson, E., Ownby, D.
|
|
Title: |
Prevalence of Possible
Undiagnosed Asthma and Associated Morbidity Among Urban Schoolchildren. |
|
Source: |
Journal of Pediatrics 129:
735-742, 1996. (Journal Article: 8 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This study's objective was
to obtain an estimate of the prevalence of possible undiagnosed asthma in a
population of urban schoolchildren.
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in urban
schoolchildren, grades three to five.
Undiagnosed asthma was defined as caretaker report of symptoms
and/or bronchial hyperresponsiveness, which was
defined as a 15% or greater drop in baseline forced expiratory volume in
one second, after exercise challenge.
A total of 230 children participated in the study. Forty children had reports of a physician
diagnosis of asthma. Of these, 33
reported wheezing in the past 12 months.
Among the remaining 189 eligible children, 11 met study criteria for
undiagnosed asthma based on bronchial hyperresponsiveness
(BHR). Another 16 met study criteria
for undiagnosed asthma through modified American Thoracic Society symptom
criteria. Overall, 27 children
fulfilled criteria for undiagnosed asthma.
Children identified as having undiagnosed asthma were compared with
children who had no BHR and no symptoms and who did not report a physician
diagnosis of asthma. Children with
BHR were more likely to have a report of allergies and eczema than children
without asthma. Children meeting
symptom criteria were more likely to have a report of allergies and
bronchitis and were more likely to report sleep disruption and missed
physical education classes, compared with children without asthma. A prevalence of 14.3% was estimated for
possible undiagnosed asthma among urban schoolchildren, grades three to
five, through caretaker report of symptoms or BHR postexercise
challenge. Children with undiagnosed
asthma reported more atopic disease than children
without asthma. In addition,
children meeting symptom criteria for asthma reported more bronchitis,
sleep disruption, and missed physical education classes than did those
without asthma. These results
suggest that rates of undiagnosed asthma may be high in this predominantly
black school-age population (authors).
|
|
|
Order #: 7054 |
|
Authors: |
Shane,
P.G.
|
|
Title: |
What About America's
Homeless Children? |
|
Source: |
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications, 1996. (Book: 247 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This book examines the
social factors that create homeless situations for children and the
personal and educational problems that can result from them. The health risks - including unsanitary
living conditions, poor nutrition, physical assault, and lack of access to
health care - are explored. Also
presented are ethnographic case studies of children in urban shelters,
families in a shelter program, and people who "survived" a
homeless youth experience. The
history of programs, both governmental and nongovernmental, and policies
for homeless youth are also examined.
The book concludes with recommendations for policies and programs
that can prevent homelessness for children. Available From: Sage
Publications, Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, (805)
499-0721, www.sagepub.com. (COST:
$26.00) (ISBN 0-8039-4983-9) |
|
|
Order #: 6545 |
|
Authors: |
United
States Department of Health and Human Services.
|
|
Title: |
Linking Community
Health Centers with Schools Serving Low Income Children: An Idea Book. |
|
Source: |
Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Primary Health Care,
1996. (Guide: 184 pages)
|
|
Abstract: |
This guide is designed to
promote linkages between schools and community and migrant health centers
by providing practical information from school health and education
professionals who have collaborated to meet the challenges of supporting
children to be ready to learn and achieve their full potential. It includes
initial overview, "nuts and bolts" of program design and implementation
(e.g., parent involvement, needs assessment, funding and reimbursement,
staffing issues, confidentiality, and evaluation), sample forms, contact
information, and selected site profiles. Presents linkage models that have
worked despite obstacles. |
|
|
|
| |