Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS

Guidelines exist for screening, diagnosing, and preventing tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected persons, but their application and utility are unknown. The authors conducted a survey of knowledge and practices among 1,300 physicians in the San Francisco Bay area to assess their practices towards TB among HIV-infected persons. Of 630 respondents, 350 provided care for HIV-infected persons. Thirty-four MORE

This paper explores how social class and race affect the public health policy-making process in an urban area. Ethnographic methods were used to collect and analyze information about HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis policy-making by the Washington, DC Commission of Public Health, Kingdon’s conceptual model of policy making was used to analyze and understand the process. The problems MORE

Most HIV-infected patients with TB can be treated satisfactorily with standard regimens with expectations of good results. Treatment of TB in these patients has been complicated by the introduction of HAART, which relies on drugs that interfere with the most potent class of antituberculous medications. Rifampin-free regimens or regimens that employ rifabutin may be acceptable strategies MORE

Mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is reduced with effective early therapy. Identifying predictors of, and effective regimens for, MDR-TB is critical. A multicenter prospective study was initiated to determine the demographic, behavioral, clinical and geographic risk factors associated with the occurrence of MDR-TB among HIV-infected patients; and to evaluate the MORE

This study assessed the outcome of implementing a policy of universal screening of patients with TB for HIV infection at a major metropolitan public health TB clinic. HIV serologic testing was completed on 768 of 825 eligible patients. Ninety-eight HIV-positive cases were compared with 670 HIV-negative cases. The presence of adult HIV risk factors was determined MORE

After a three-year experiment in consolidating services, the Florida Department of Health has again separated programs for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and tuberculosis. The authors report that while there were some clear advantages to consolidating services, especially programs dealing with HIV and other STDs, the individual programs suffered in some MORE

These guidelines update previous CDC recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB among adults and children co-infected with HIV in the U.S. The most notable changes in these guidelines reflect both the findings of clinical trials that evaluated new drug regimens for treating and preventing TB among HIV-infected persons and recent advances in the MORE

Tuberculosis is increasing in many countries. In some areas the major influences on tuberculosis trends are the traditional ones: poverty, failures in the treatment system, and immigration. In others areas, the HIV epidemic is having a huge impact. HIV infection increases the risk of tuberculosis approximately 7-fold, though this may vary with the stage of the MORE

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major health problem in the United States. Nurses may be exposed to TB and not realize their risks for becoming infected. The presentation of HIV-associated TB is somewhat different from standard TB. The purpose of this study was to determine if an educational program could improve nurses’ attitudes, level of MORE