Psychometric testing of pre-school children and toddlers
Homeless, sheltered pre-school children (age 3 - 5 years) performed more than one standard deviation below general population on tests of:
Visual-motor skills (Draw-A-Person)
Verbal ability (Binet IV vocabulary)
Receptive vocabulary (PPVT-R)
Visual-motor skill (Beery VMI)
Homeless, sheltered toddlers (age 2) performed similarly to general population.
Parker RM et al. A Survey of the Health of Homeless Children in Philadelphia Shelters. AJDC 145:520-526 (1991).